Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on Reducing Wood Borer Infestation Rates in Wood Packaging Material Entering the United States

Autor: Kathryn Vasilaky, Lars J. Olson, Joseph F. Cavey, Amelia Nuding, Lynn J. Garrett, Robert A. Haack, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Kerry O. Britton, Frank L. Lowenstein, James A. Turner, Mark O. Kimberley
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Environmental Impacts
0106 biological sciences
Insecta
Economics
Economic Models
Biosecurity
Social Sciences
lcsh:Medicine
Plant Science
Ectoparasitic Infestations
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
law.invention
International Plant Protection Convention
Toxicology
law
Bark (sound)
Product Packaging
lcsh:Science
Conservation Science
Plant Pests
Multidisciplinary
Commerce
Agriculture
Forestry
Wood
Nature-Society Interactions
Physical Sciences
Quarantine
Materials Characterization
Environmental Economics
Interception
Research Article
Materials Science
Guidelines as Topic
Insect Control
010603 evolutionary biology
Natural Materials
Integrated Control
Agricultural Production
Infestation
medicine
Animals
United States Department of Agriculture
Phytosanitary certification
business.industry
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
lcsh:R
Biology and Life Sciences
International Trade
Plant Pathology
United States
Biotechnology
010602 entomology
Environmental science
lcsh:Q
Pest Control
business
Zoology
Entomology
Agricultural Economics
Environmental Protection
Disinfectants
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e96611 (2014)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
2005-2006
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096611
Popis: Numerous bark- and wood-infesting insects have been introduced to new countries by international trade where some have caused severe environmental and economic damage. Wood packaging material (WPM), such as pallets, is one of the high risk pathways for the introduction of wood pests. International recognition of this risk resulted in adoption of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM15) in 2002, which provides treatment standards for WPM used in international trade. ISPM15 was originally developed by members of the International Plant Protection Convention to "practically eliminate" the risk of international transport of most bark and wood pests via WPM. The United States (US) implemented ISPM15 in three phases during 2005-2006. We compared pest interception rates of WPM inspected at US ports before and after US implementation of ISPM15 using the US Department of Agriculture AQIM (Agriculture Quarantine Inspection Monitoring) database. Analyses of records from 2003-2009 indicated that WPM infestation rates declined 36-52% following ISPM15 implementation, with results varying in statistical significance depending on the selected starting parameters. Power analyses of the AQIM data indicated there was at least a 95% chance of detecting a statistically significant reduction in infestation rates if they dropped by 90% post-ISPM15, but the probability fell as the impact of ISPM15 lessened. We discuss several factors that could have reduced the apparent impact of ISPM15 on lowering WPM infestation levels, and suggest ways that ISPM15 could be improved. The paucity of international interception data impeded our ability to conduct more thorough analyses of the impact of ISPM15, and demonstrates the need for well-planned sampling programs before and after implementation of major phytosanitary policies so that their effectiveness can be assessed. We also present summary data for bark- and wood-boring insects intercepted on WPM at US ports during 1984-2008.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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