Late postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection from mothers to infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| Autor: | Willy Urassa, Theodora Kazimoto, Fred Mhalu, Gunnel Biberfeld, Grace Kawo, Eligius Lyamuya, E. Mbena, Katarina Karlsson, Augustine Massawe, U. Bredberg-Raden, Georgina Msemo, Ernest J.N. Urassa |
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| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Time Factors Population Breastfeeding HIV Infections Polymerase Chain Reaction Tanzania Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Pregnancy HIV Seropositivity medicine Humans Prospective Studies Pregnancy Complications Infectious Prospective cohort study education education.field_of_study business.industry virus diseases AIDS Serodiagnosis Infant medicine.disease Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical CD4 Lymphocyte Count Infectious Diseases Breast Feeding Child Preschool Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Cohort HIV-1 Female business Breast feeding Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 16(10) |
| ISSN: | 0891-3668 |
| Popis: | Objective. To study late postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a cohort of children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers who delivered at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Materials and methods. Since 1991 a prospective cohort study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 has been conducted at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam. HIV-1-seropositive mothers and age-matched seronegative controls were recruited into the cohort at delivery together with their newborns. Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children was based on polymerase chain reaction, HIV-1 p24 antigen tests and HIV antibody tests. Late postnatal transmission was defined as HIV-1 infection occurring after 6 months of age in a child who was uninfected at 6 months of age and who had an HIV-1-seropositive mother. Children born to HIV-seronegative mothers were used as controls. Breast-feeding was universal in this cohort. CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were assayed by flow cytometry in the mothers. Results. Among 139 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers and known to be HIV-uninfected at 6 months of age, 8 children became HIV-1-infected at the end of their first year of life or later. No conversions were observed in children younger than 11 months. The 8 conversions were observed during a follow-up covering 1555 child months between 6 and 27 months of age corresponding to a conversion rate of 6.2 per 100 child years. Among 260 children with HIV-seronegative mothers no child became HIV-infected during the follow-up. The percentage of CD4 T lymphocytes was similar in mothers with early and late transmission but was significantly lower in transmitting than in nontransmitting mothers. Conclusion. Because no HIV-1 infection occurred in children with HIV-seronegative mothers, we conclude that the observed infections at the end of the first year of life or later among children born to HIV-seropositive women were caused by late transmission from mother to child, most likely through breast-feeding. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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