Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update

Autor: Diana Marangu, Heather J. Zar
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Whooping Cough
TB
tuberculosis
Epidemiology
OI
opportunistic infection
Disease
medicine.disease_cause
PCV
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Lower respiratory tract infection
0302 clinical medicine
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
Risk Factors
Pneumonia
Staphylococcal
Medicine
030212 general & internal medicine
DTP3
third dose of diphtheria
tetanus and pertussis vaccine
Aetiology
hMPV
human metapneumovirus
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Vaccines
Incidence (epidemiology)
Age Factors
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Management
PERCH
Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health
Specimen collection
Child
Preschool
CRP
C-reactive protein
aP
acellular pertussis
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
Haemophilus Infections
Child Nutrition Disorders
Article
WHO
World Health Organization
AAP
ambient air pollution
03 medical and health sciences
Air Pollution
MTB
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Humans
IS
induced sputum
PTB
pulmonary tuberculosis
Intensive care medicine
Developing Countries
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary
Noninvasive Ventilation
business.industry
Prevention
Infant
Newborn
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
Infant
Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumococcal
medicine.disease
Malnutrition
NPA
nasopharyngeal aspirate
030228 respiratory system
Pediatrics
Perinatology and Child Health
LMIC
low-and-middle-income country
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
business
Zdroj: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
ISSN: 1526-0550
Popis: Objectives To review epidemiology, aetiology and management of childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries. Design Review of published English literature between 2013 and 2019. Results Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include young age, malnutrition, immunosuppression, tobacco smoke or air pollution exposure. Better methods for specimen collection and molecular diagnostics have improved microbiological diagnosis, indicating that pneumonia results from several organisms interacting. Induced sputum increases microbiologic yield for Bordetella pertussis or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has been associated with pneumonia in high TB prevalence areas. The proportion of cases due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae b has declined with new conjugate vaccines; Staphylococcus aureus and H. influenzae non-type b are the commonest bacterial pathogens; viruses are the most common pathogens. Effective interventions comprise antibiotics, oxygen and non-invasive ventilation. New vaccines have reduced severity and incidence of disease, but disparities exist in uptake. Conclusion Morbidity and mortality from childhood pneumonia has decreased but a considerable preventable burden remains. Widespread implementation of available, effective interventions and development of novel strategies are needed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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