| Popis: |
Institutionalization of violence generally refers to the process by which acts of violence or force are undertaken by an official group on behalf of, or at least with the tacit approval of, the society as a whole. Examples of such actions might include violence carried out by the society’s police against criminals, warfare by the armed forces against external enemies, and repressive measures by security forces against the society’s internal opponents, real or perceived. In this way institutionalized violence is typically contrasted with noninstitutionalized violence; that is, violent actions by individuals without any authorization or acceptance by the larger society, such as serial killings, gang violence, or spousal and child abuse. However, it can also be argued that these seemingly unsanctioned acts of violence are actually not the random behavior of deviant individuals, but an inevitable consequence of the inequities and pathologies of the society. In that sense the institutionalization of violence includes all types of violent acts that are prevalent within the society, not just those carried out collectively by official groups. |
