Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low‐ and middle‐income settings: a retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries

Autor: Maria Neira, Matthew C. Freeman, Alan D. Dangour, Daniel Mäusezahl, Bruce Gordon, Annette Prüss-Ustün, Oliver Cumming, Sophie Bonjour, Lorna Fewtrell, Paul R. Hunter, Jamie Bartram, John M. Colford, Jennyfer Wolf, Meredith E. Stocks, Kate Medlicott, Valerie Curtis, Colin Mathers, Sandy Cairncross, Thomas Clasen, Richard B. Johnston
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Male
Community-led total sanitation
Sanitation
agua
diarrhée
burden of disease
hygiene
Cost of Illness
Risk Factors
Hygiene
Water Quality
Medicine
Child
media_common
education.field_of_study
Environmental exposure
saneamiento
Infectious Diseases
assainissement
carga de enfermedad
Child
Preschool
Income
Public Health and Health Services
Female
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Diarrhea
sanitation
media_common.quotation_subject
water
Population
Disease cluster
hygiène
higiene
Water Supply
Charge de morbidité
diarrea
eau
Tropical Medicine
Environmental health
Humans
Preschool
education
Developing Countries
Disease burden
Retrospective Studies
business.industry
Drinking Water
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Infant
Environmental Exposure
diarrhoea
Relative risk
Focus on the Global Burden of Disease From Water
Parasitology
business
Zdroj: Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, vol 19, iss 8
Tropical Medicine & International Health
Prüss-Ustün, A; Bartram, J; Clasen, T; Colford, JM; Cumming, O; Curtis, V; et al.(2014). Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low-and middle-income settings: A retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 19(8), 894-905. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12329. UC Berkeley: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/98r189p0
ISSN: 1365-3156
1360-2276
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12329
Popis: Objective: To estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases from exposure to inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene in low- and middle-income settings and provide an overview of the impact on other diseases. Methods: For estimating the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene on diarrhoea, we selected exposure levels with both sufficient global exposure data and a matching exposure-risk relationship. Global exposure data were estimated for the year 2012, and risk estimates were taken from the most recent systematic analyses. We estimated attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by country, age and sex for inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene separately, and as a cluster of risk factors. Uncertainty estimates were computed on the basis of uncertainty surrounding exposure estimates and relative risks. Results: In 2012, 502 000 diarrhoea deaths were estimated to be caused by inadequate drinking water and 280 000 deaths by inadequate sanitation. The most likely estimate of disease burden from inadequate hand hygiene amounts to 297 000 deaths. In total, 842 000 diarrhoea deaths are estimated to be caused by this cluster of risk factors, which amounts to 1.5% of the total disease burden and 58% of diarrhoeal diseases. In children under 5 years old, 361 000 deaths could be prevented, representing 5.5% of deaths in that age group. Conclusions: This estimate confirms the importance of improving water and sanitation in low- and middle-income settings for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease burden. It also underscores the need for better data on exposure and risk reductions that can be achieved with provision of reliable piped water, community sewage with treatment and hand hygiene. © 2014 The Authors. Tropical Medicine and International Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd..
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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