Arousal Modulates Retinal Output
Autor: | Kenneth D. Harris, Michael Krumin, Matteo Carandini, Sylvia Schröder, Leon Lagnado, Matteo Rizzi, Marius Pachitariu, Nicholas A. Steinmetz |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Retinal Ganglion Cells
0301 basic medicine Superior Colliculi vision retina genetic structures Optic tract Presynaptic Terminals Biology superior colliculus Retinal ganglion Article Arousal Synapse Mice 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine arousal medicine Animals Optic Tract Visual Pathways Wakefulness Orientation Spatial Neurons Retina General Neuroscience Superior colliculus Retinal Axons eye diseases locomotion 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Visual cortex nervous system chemistry Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Neuron |
ISSN: | 0896-6273 |
Popis: | Summary At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and even in retinal axons. To measure retinal activity in the awake, intact brain, we imaged the synaptic boutons of retinal axons in the superior colliculus. Their activity depended not only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination. Arousal typically reduced their visual responses and selectivity for direction and orientation. Recordings from retinal axons in the optic tract revealed that arousal modulates the firing of some retinal ganglion cells. Arousal had similar effects postsynaptically in colliculus neurons, independent of activity in the other main source of visual inputs to the colliculus, the primary visual cortex. These results indicate that arousal modulates activity at every stage of the mouse visual system. Highlights • Imaging technique reveals the activity of retinal synapses in the awake, intact brain • The activity of retinal synapses depends on the animal’s level of arousal • Arousal mostly reduces visual responses and selectivity • Arousal affects presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons in retina and colliculus Schröder et al. show that the output of retinal ganglion cells depends not only on visual input but also on the animal’s level of arousal. The effect of arousal propagates to downstream neurons in the midbrain, independent of cortical input. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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