Airborne Observations of Reactive Inorganic Chlorine and Bromine Species in the Exhaust of Coal‐Fired Power Plants
| Autor: | Joel A. Thornton, Viral Shah, Jose L. Jimenez, Erin E. McDuffie, Teresa Campos, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Patrick R. Veres, Ben H. Lee, Frank F. Flocke, J. R. Green, Dorothy L. Fibiger, Jason C. Schroder, Solomon Bililign, Lyatt Jaeglé, Marc N. Fiddler, Gary A. Norris, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Kate O'Mara |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences complex mixtures 7. Clean energy 01 natural sciences Article chemistry.chemical_compound Bromide Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Chlorine Coal Sulfur dioxide 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Bromine business.industry Flue-gas desulfurization Mercury (element) Geophysics chemistry 13. Climate action Space and Planetary Science Environmental chemistry Halogen Environmental science business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 123 |
| ISSN: | 2169-8996 2169-897X |
| DOI: | 10.1029/2018jd029284 |
| Popis: | We present airborne observations of gaseous reactive halogen species (HCl, Cl(2), ClNO(2), Br(2),BrNO(2), and BrCl), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nonrefractory fine particulate chloride (pCl) and sulfate(pSO(4)) in power plant exhaust. Measurements were conducted during the Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity campaign in February–March of 2015 aboard the NCAR-NSF C-130 aircraft. Fifty air mass encounters were identified in which SO(2) levels were elevated ~5 ppb above ambient background levels and in proximity to operational power plants. Each encounter was attributed to one or more potential emission sources using a simple wind trajectory analysis. In case studies, we compare measured emission ratios to those reported in the 2011 National Emissions Inventory and present evidence of the conversion of HCl emitted from power plants to ClNO(2). Taking into account possible chemical conversion downwind, there was general agreement between the observed and reported HCl: SO(2) emission ratios. Reactive bromine species (Br(2), BrNO(2), and/or BrCl) were detected in the exhaust of some coal-fired power plants, likely related to the absence of wet flue gas desulfurization emission control technology. Levels of bromine species enhanced in some encounters exceeded those expected assuming all of the native bromide in coal was released to the atmosphere, though there was no reported use of bromide salts (as a way to reduce mercury emissions) during Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity observations. These measurements represent the first ever in-flight observations of reactive gaseous chlorine and bromine containing compounds present in coal-fired power plant exhaust. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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