Mosquito RUNX4 in the immune regulation of PPO gene expression and its effect on avian malaria parasite infection
| Autor: | Vladimir A. Kokoza, Sang Woon Shin, Kanwal S. Alvarez, Alexander S. Raikhel, Guowu Bian, Zhen Zou |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Molecular Sequence Data
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Aedes aegypti Gene Expression Regulation Enzymologic Plasmodium gallinaceum Aedes Gene expression Gene silencing Animals Gene DNA Primers Genetics Regulation of gene expression Gene knockdown Enzyme Precursors Multidisciplinary biology Base Sequence Bird Diseases Runt Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Cell biology Malaria Gene Knockdown Techniques Insect Proteins Catechol Oxidase |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105(47) |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 |
| Popis: | Prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mechanism of arthropods. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has ten PPO genes in the genome, four of which (PPO1, PPO3, PPO5, and PPO8) were expressed in response to microbial infection. Cactus depletion resulted in transcriptional activation of these four genes, suggesting this up-regulation to be under the control of the Toll pathway. The silencing of Cactus also led to developmental arrest and death of the avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum . We discovered that RUNT-related transcription factor 4 (RUNX4), the orthologue of Drosophila Lozenge, bound to the RUNT binding motif in the promoter of mosquito PPO genes and stimulated the expression of Drosophila PPO-A1 and PPO3 in S2 cell line. The immune effects caused by Cactus depletion were eliminated by double knockdown of Cactus/RUNX4. These findings suggest that RUNX4 regulates PPO gene expression under the control of the Toll pathway and plays a critical role in restricting parasite development. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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