Ammonia volatilization from field-applied animal slurry—the ALFAM model
| Autor: | H. T. Søgaard, J.F.M. Huijsmans, Nicholas J. Hutchings, F. Nicholson, D.W Bussink, Sven G. Sommer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
cattle husbandry
Atmospheric Science Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering seizoenen animal manures bodemwatergehalte rundveehouderij statistische analyse Instituut voor Mechanisatie Air pollution Growing season medicine.disease_cause models Instituut voor Mechanisatie Arbeid en Gebouwen Animal science statistical analysis bemesting ammoniakemissie medicine dierlijke meststoffen Ammoniacal nitrogen volatilization Air quality index modellen Arbeid en Gebouwen General Environmental Science Hydrology seasons Volatilisation varkenshouderij grasslands ammonia emission fertilizer application soil water content Ammonia volatilization from urea graslanden drijfmest Soil water vervluchtiging Slurry slurries Environmental science pig farming |
| Zdroj: | Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 20 Atmospheric Environment, 36(20), 3309-3319 |
| ISSN: | 1352-2310 |
| Popis: | A statistical analysis of European ammonia (NH3) volatilization data (from Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and UK) collated in a database produced a model that is supported by theoretical considerations of the effect of explanatoryvariables (see www.alfam.dk). Volatilization could be described mathematicallybya Michaelis–Menten-ty pe equation, with the loss rates as the response variable ( R 2 ¼ 80%). Variables significantlyaffecting NH 3 volatilization throughout Europe are soil water content, air temperature, wind speed, slurry type, dry matter content of slurry, total ammoniacal nitrogen content of slurry (TAN=NH3+NH4 ), application method and rate, slurryincorporation and measuring technique. The model was used to estimate the NH 3 volatilization from typical cattle and pig slurries applied in Italy, England, Norway and Denmark. Climate observations from the following three periods in year 2000 were used as input: (1) 1 week before the normal sowing time for spring crops, (2) mid-season, and (3) 1 week after harvesting. There was little difference in the total NH3 volatilization from slurryapplied in the three periods, principallydue to interactions between soil water content and air temperature . The time from application to when 10% of the applied TAN was lost was similar for countries in the south and north of Europe, primarilydue to the low wind speeds counteracting the effect of higher air temperatures at the southern location. To reduce NH3 volatilization, the slurryshould be incorporated faster in mid- and late-season than in the earlyspring, due to increasing air temperatures during the growing season. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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