Evaluation of Adaptive Loop-Bandwidth Tracking Techniques in GNSS Receivers
| Autor: | Wolfgang Felber, Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe, Alexander Rügamer, Jari Nurmi, Inigo Cortes |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Publica, Tampere University, Electrical Engineering, Research group: System-on-Chip for GNSS, Wireless Communications and Cyber-Physical Embedded Computing, Research group: Wireless Communications and Positioning |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0209 industrial biotechnology
Discriminator Computer science loop-bandwidth control algorithm (LBCA) Real-time computing 02 engineering and technology Tracking (particle physics) lcsh:Chemical technology Biochemistry piece-wise linear approximation of non-linearities (PLAN) Article fast adaptive bandwidth (FAB) Analytical Chemistry 020901 industrial engineering & automation Robustness (computer science) 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering lcsh:TP1-1185 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Instrumentation Jitter global navigation satellite system (GNSS) 213 Electronic automation and communications engineering electronics Bandwidth (signal processing) 020206 networking & telecommunications Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Phase-locked loop adaptive scalar tracking loop (A-STL) GNSS applications Satellite fuzzy logic (FL) |
| Zdroj: | Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 502, p 502 (2021) Sensors Volume 21 Issue 2 Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
| Popis: | GNSS receivers use tracking loops to lock onto GNSS signals. Fixed loop settings limit the tracking performance against noise, receiver dynamics, and the current scenario. Adaptive tracking loops adjust these settings to achieve optimal performance for a given scenario. This paper evaluates the performance and complexity of state-of-the-art adaptive scalar tracking techniques used in modern digital GNSS receivers. Ideally, a tracking channel should be adjusted to both noisy and dynamic environments for optimal performance, defined by tracking precision and loop robustness. The difference between the average tracking jitter of the discriminator&rsquo s output and the square-root CRB indicates the loops&rsquo tracking capability. The ability to maintain lock characterizes the robustness in highly dynamic scenarios. From a system perspective, the average lock indicator is chosen as a metric to measure the performance in terms of precision, whereas the average number of visible satellites being tracked indicates the system&rsquo s robustness against dynamics. The average of these metrics&rsquo product at different noise levels leads to a reliable system performance metric. Adaptive tracking techniques, such as the FAB, the FL, and the LBCA, facilitate a trade-off for optimal performance. These adaptive tracking techniques are implemented in an open software interface GNSS hardware receiver. All three methods steer a third-order adaptive PLL and are tested in simulated scenarios emulating static and high-dynamic vehicular conditions. The measured tracking performance, system performance, and time complexity of each algorithm present a detailed analysis of the adaptive techniques. The results show that the LBCA with a piece-wise linear approximation is above the other adaptive loop-bandwidth tracking techniques while preserving the best performance and lowest time complexity. This technique achieves superior static and dynamic system performance being 1.5 times more complex than the traditional tracking loop. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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