Mannheimia haemolyticain bovine respiratory disease: immunogens, potential immunogens, and vaccines
| Autor: | Sahlu Ayalew, Anthony W. Confer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Lipopolysaccharide Virulence Factors animal diseases 030106 microbiology Bovine respiratory disease Virulence Biology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Immune system Antigen Immunity medicine Animals Pasteurellosis Pneumonic Mannheimia haemolytica Antigens Bacterial medicine.disease Bacterial adhesin 030104 developmental biology chemistry Bacterial Vaccines Cattle Animal Science and Zoology Bacterial outer membrane Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins |
| Zdroj: | Animal Health Research Reviews. 19:79-99 |
| ISSN: | 1475-2654 1466-2523 |
| Popis: | Mannheimia haemolyticais the major cause of severe pneumonia in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). EarlyM. haemolyticabacterins were either ineffective or even enhanced disease in vaccinated cattle, which led to studies of the bacterium's virulence factors and potential immunogens to determine ways to improve vaccines. Studies have focused on the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, various adhesins, extracellular enzymes, outer membrane proteins, and leukotoxin (LKT) resulting in a strong database for understanding immune responses to the bacterium and production of more efficacious vaccines. The importance of immunity to LKT and to surface antigens in stimulating immunity led to studies of individual native or recombinant antigens, bacterial extracts, live-attenuated or mutant organisms, culture supernatants, combined bacterin-toxoids, outer membrane vesicles, and bacterial ghosts. Efficacy of several of these potential vaccines can be shown following experimentalM. haemolyticachallenge; however, efficacy in field trials is harder to determine due to the complexity of factors and etiologic agents involved in naturally occurring BRD. Studies of potential vaccines have led current commercial vaccines, which are composed primarily of culture supernatant, bacterin-toxoid, or live mutant bacteria. Several of those can be augmented experimentally by addition of recombinant LKT or outer membrane proteins. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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