Estimation of hand-to-mouth transfer efficiency of lead
| Autor: | Heather J Avens, Elleen I Hsu, Kathryn D. Devlin, Jennifer Sahmel, Evan M Beckett |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Empirical data Saliva Mouth Metallic Lead Skin Absorption Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Skin surfaces General Medicine Environmental Exposure Hand Risk Assessment Surgery Human health stomatognathic system Transfer efficiency Lead medicine Environmental science Humans Mass scale Lead (electronics) Biomedical engineering Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | The Annals of occupational hygiene. 59(2) |
| ISSN: | 1475-3162 |
| Popis: | There are currently no published empirical data that characterize hand-to-mouth transfer efficiencies for metallic lead. The purpose of this study was to quantify the hand-to-mouth transfer efficiency of lead in adult volunteers (n = 6) using human saliva as a surrogate for the mouth and commercially available, 100% lead fishing weights as the source of lead for dermal loading. Study volunteers' saliva was collected and subsequently poured onto a sheet of wax paper placed on a balance scale. The volunteers handled lead fishing weights with both hands for approximately 15 s and then pressed three fingers from the right hand (test hand) into their saliva 10 times, with ~0.45kg of pressure. The left hand (control hand) was used as a comparison for dermal loading of lead and had no contact with saliva. SKC Full Disclosure® wipes were used to collect lead from the saliva and skin surfaces. Samples were analyzed using the NIOSH 7300 method, which was modified for wipes. The mean lead skin-to-saliva transfer efficiency was 24% (range: 12-34%). These data will be useful for more accurately characterizing lead hand-to-mouth transfer efficiencies and are likely to be helpful in exposure assessments or human health risk assessments. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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