The cultivable microbiota of the human distal ileum
| Autor: | Øyvind Kommedal, Adrian Halland, Tore Stenstad, Harald Weedon-Fekjær, Heidi Cecilie Villmones, Elling Ulvestad |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Enterobacteriales Male medicine.drug_class medicine.medical_treatment 030106 microbiology Antibiotics Ileum Biology Microbiology Cystectomy 03 medical and health sciences Ileocecal valve 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Aged Aged 80 and over Bacteriological Techniques Bacteria General Medicine Middle Aged biology.organism_classification Small intestine Gastrointestinal Microbiome Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Viridans streptococci Female Actinomyces |
| Zdroj: | Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 27(6) |
| ISSN: | 1469-0691 |
| Popis: | Objectives The existing literature on the microbiota of the ileum is inconsistent. To further characterize the microbiota, we analysed samples obtained directly from resected ileums used for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Methods We included 150 patients with bladder cancer operated on from March 2016 to March 2019. Samples obtained by rubbing a swab against the ileal mucosa 25 cm from the ileocecal valve were cultivated at the local laboratory. Microbial colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Results The microbial density of the distal ileum was low. Among our samples, 79% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71%, 84%) harboured less than 1.6 × 104 cfu/mL, whereas 36% (95% CI 28%, 44%) harboured less than 1.6 × 103 cfu/mL. The flora was dominated by viridans streptococci, Candida, Actinomyces, Rothia and Lactobacillus species. Colon-related bacteria i.e. strict anaerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriales and enterococci, were recovered from 14% of the samples. Constipation was associated with increased recovery of colon-related bacteria. Antibiotic treatment prior to surgical procedures did not affect culture results. Increased age was significantly associated with more substantial fungal growth and use of proton pump inhibitors seemed to increase both bacterial and fungal growth. Conclusions The microbiota of the human distal ileum is sparse and differs significantly from the colonic microbiota both quantitatively and by composition. These findings contradict recent metagenomics studies based on samples collected by retrograde colonoscopy and emphasize the crucial importance of adequate sampling techniques. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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