Reconfiguration of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in the Everest Tourist Region of Solukhumbu, Nepal
| Autor: | Céline Abadia, Isabelle Sacareau, Ornella Puschiasis, Olivia Aubriot, Véronique André-Lamat, Alix Muller, Etienne Jacquemet, Joëlle Smadja, Marie Faulon |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Centre d'Etudes Himalayennes (CEH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques (CESSMA UMRD 245), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université de Paris (UP), ANR-13-SENV-0005,PRESHINE,Pressions sur la ressource en eau et en sols dans l'Himalaya népalais(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Resource (biology) 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Natural resource economics Development 01 natural sciences Nepal Environmental Chemistry Watermill water–energy–food nexus Hydropower lcsh:Environmental sciences ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Everest lcsh:GE1-350 business.industry Groundwater recharge [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography 15. Life on land 010601 ecology Water resources flux hydropower watermill Upper Solu Khumbu 13. Climate action tourism Business Electricity Nexus (standard) Tourism |
| Zdroj: | Mountain Research and Development Mountain Research and Development, International Mountain Society, 2019, 39 (1), ⟨10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-17-00080.1⟩ Mountain Research and Development, Vol 39, Iss 1, Pp R47-R59 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 0276-4741 |
| Popis: | A case study in the Solukhumbu region in northern Nepal reveals that the high number of seasonal tourists—which has doubled in 20 years—has led to growing water, food, and energy demands that have modified agropastoral practices and the use of local resources. This has induced new patterns in the movement of goods, people, and animals in the Everest region and the reconfiguration of the water–energy–food nexus. We use this concept of nexus to analyze ongoing interactions and transformations. Key changes involve (1) massive imports of consumer goods; (2) use of local resources with new techniques (hydropower plants, improved mills, greenhouses, and pipes for domestic networks) that depend on imported materials, which are newly accessible to Sherpas as a result of economic benefits generated by tourism; (3) commodification of local resources (water, hydropower, vegetables, fodder, and flour); (4) an increasing number of electrical appliances; and (5) new uses of water, especially for tourist-related services, including hot showers, watering of greenhouses, bottling of water, and production of electricity for cell phones, rice cookers, and other electric appliances. These new uses, on top of traditional ones such as mill operation, compete in some places during spring when water supplies are low and the tourist demand is high. A transfer of pressure from one resource (the forest) to another (water) has also resulted from the government ban on woodcutting, incentives to develop hydropower, and the competition between lodges to upgrade their amenities by offering better services (such as hot showers, plugs to recharge batteries, internet connections, and local vegetables). Our research finds that water is now central to the proper running of the tourist industry and the region's economy but is under seasonal pressure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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