The known two types of transglutaminases regulate immune and stress responses in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Autor: Winton Cheng, Hao-Che Chang, Chin-Chyuan Chang, Kuan-Fu Liu
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
animal structures
Penaeidae
Hemocytes
Invertebrate Hormones
Immunology
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Arthropod Proteins
Superoxide dismutase
03 medical and health sciences
Phagocytosis
Stress
Physiological
Hemolymph
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate
Animals
RNA
Small Interfering
Vibrio alginolyticus
Respiratory Burst
Gene knockdown
Transglutaminases
biology
Monophenol Monooxygenase
Superoxide Dismutase
fungi
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
biology.organism_classification
Molecular biology
Immunity
Innate
Respiratory burst
Shrimp
030104 developmental biology
Biochemistry
Gene Expression Regulation
Vibrio Infections
040102 fisheries
biology.protein
0401 agriculture
forestry
and fisheries
Carbohydrate Metabolism
RNA Interference
Invertebrate hormone
Fatty acylation
Developmental Biology
Zdroj: Developmental and comparative immunology. 59
ISSN: 1879-0089
Popis: Transglutaminases (TGs) play critical roles in blood coagulation, immune responses, and other biochemical functions, which undergo post-translational remodeling such as acetylation, phosphorylation and fatty acylation. Two types of TG have been identified in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and further investigation on their potential function was conducted by gene silencing in the present study. Total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase activity, transglutaminase (TG) activity, haemolymph clotting time, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus were measured when shrimps were individually injected with diethyl pyrocarbonate-water (DEPC-H2O) or TG dsRNAs. In addition, haemolymph glucose and lactate, and haemocytes crustin, lysozyme, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), transglutaminaseI (TGI), transglutaminaseII (TGII) and clotting protein (CP) mRNA expression were determined in the dsRNA injected shrimp under hypothermal stress. Results showed that TG activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were significantly decreased, but THC, hyaline cells (HCs) and haemolymph clotting time were significantly increased in the shrimp which received LvTGI dsRNA and LvTGI + LvTGII dsRNA after 3 days. However, respiratory burst per haemocyte was significantly decreased in only LvTGI + LvTGII silenced shrimp. In hypothermal stress studies, elevation of haemolymph glucose and lactate was observed in all treated groups, and were advanced in LvTGI and LvTGI + LvTGII silenced shrimp following exposure to 22 °C. LvCHH mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated, but crustin and lysozyme mRNA expressions were significantly down-regulated in LvTGI and LvTGI + LvTGII silenced shrimp; moreover, LvTGII was significantly increased, but LvTGI was significantly decreased in LvTGI silenced shrimp following exposure to 28 and 22 °C. Knockdown of LvTGI and LvTGI + LvTGII also significantly increased the mortality of L. vannamei challenged with the pathogen V. alginolyticus. The same consequences have been confirmed in LvTGII silenced shrimp in our previous study. These results indicate that LvTGI and LvTGII not only reveal a complementary effect in gene expression levels but also play a key function in the immune defence mechanism of shrimp, by regulating the haemolymph coagulation, immune parameters and immune related gene expression, and in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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