An attenuated strain of Bacillus anthracis (CDC 684) has a large chromosomal inversion and altered growth kinetics
| Autor: | Arthur M. Friedlander, James M. Schupp, Karen K. Hill, Talima Pearson, Erin P. Price, Chris Munk, Richard T. Okinaka, Gary Xie, Paul Keim, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Jeffrey Gruendike, Spenser R. Wolken, Wai Kwan Chung, Jean F. Challacombe, Bruce E. Ivins |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:QH426-470
lcsh:Biotechnology Molecular Sequence Data Virulence Origin of replication Genome Polymorphism Single Nucleotide lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 Genetics Gene Phylogeny Bacillus megaterium Whole genome sequencing biology Base Sequence DNA replication biology.organism_classification Molecular biology Bacillus anthracis lcsh:Genetics Chromosome Inversion Genome Bacterial Research Article Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | BMC Genomics BMC Genomics, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 477 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1471-2164 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2164-12-477 |
| Popis: | Background An isolate originally labeled Bacillus megaterium CDC 684 was found to contain both pXO1 and pXO2, was non-hemolytic, sensitive to gamma-phage, and produced both the protective antigen and the poly-D-glutamic acid capsule. These phenotypes prompted Ezzell et al., (J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:223) to reclassify this isolate to Bacillus anthracis in 1990. Results We demonstrate that despite these B. anthracis features, the isolate is severely attenuated in a guinea pig model. This prompted whole genome sequencing and closure. The comparative analysis of CDC 684 to other sequenced B. anthracis isolates and further analysis reveals: a) CDC 684 is a close relative of a virulent strain, Vollum A0488; b) CDC 684 defines a new B. anthracis lineage (at least 51 SNPs) that includes 15 other isolates; c) the genome of CDC 684 contains a large chromosomal inversion that spans 3.3 Mbp; d) this inversion has caused a displacement of the usual spatial orientation of the origin of replication (ori) to the termination of replication (ter) from 180° in wild-type B. anthracis to 120° in CDC 684 and e) this isolate also has altered growth kinetics in liquid media. Conclusions We propose two alternative hypotheses explaining the attenuated phenotype of this isolate. Hypothesis 1 suggests that the skewed ori/ter relationship in CDC 684 has altered its DNA replication and/or transcriptome processes resulting in altered growth kinetics and virulence capacity. Hypothesis 2 suggests that one or more of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in CDC 684 has altered the expression of a regulatory element or other genes necessary for virulence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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