Immunization of Macaques with Single-Cycle Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Stimulates Diverse Virus-Specific Immune Responses and Reduces Viral Loads after Challenge with SIVmac239
| Autor: | Jennifer E. Bricker, Michael Piatak, Barbra A. Richardson, Keith G. Mansfield, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David T. Evans, Angela Carville, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Hannah B. Sanford, Sabine Lang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
viruses
Immunology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Antibodies Viral Lymphocyte Activation medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Virus Cell Line Interferon-gamma Immune system Virology Vaccines and Antiviral Agents medicine Animals AIDS Vaccines biology ELISPOT Viral Load Simian immunodeficiency virus biology.organism_classification Macaca mulatta Insect Science Lentivirus biology.protein RNA Viral Immunization Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Viral load CD8 |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Virology. 79:7707-7720 |
| ISSN: | 1098-5514 0022-538X |
| Popis: | Genetically engineered simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) that is limited to a single cycle of infection was evaluated as a nonreplicating AIDS vaccine approach for rhesus macaques. Four Mamu-A*01+macaques were inoculated intravenously with three concentrated doses of single-cycle SIV (scSIV). Each dose consisted of a mixture of approximately equivalent amounts of scSIV strains expressing the SIVmac239 and SIVmac316 envelope glycoproteins with mutations innefthat prevent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I downregulation. Viral loads in plasma peaked between 104and 105RNA copies/ml on day 4 after the first inoculation and then steadily declined to undetectable levels over the next 4 weeks. SIV Gag-specific T-cell responses were detected in peripheral blood by MHC class I tetramer staining (peak, 0.07 to 0.2% CD8+T cells at week 2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays (peak, 50 to 250 spot forming cells/106peripheral blood mononuclear cell at week 3). Following the second and third inoculations at weeks 8 and 33, respectively, viral loads in plasma peaked between 102and 104RNA copies/ml on day 2 and were cleared over a 1-week period. T-cell-proliferative responses and antibodies to SIV were also observed after the second inoculation. Six weeks after the third dose, each animal was challenged intravenously with SIVmac239. All four animals became infected. However, three of the four scSIV-immunized animals exhibited 1 to 3 log reductions in acute-phase plasma viral loads relative to two Mamu-A*01+control animals. Additionally, two of these animals were able to contain their viral loads below 2,000 RNA copies/ml as late as 35 weeks into the chronic phase of infection. Given the extraordinary difficulty in protecting against SIVmac239, these results are encouraging and support further evaluation of lentiviruses that are limited to a single cycle of infection as a preclinical AIDS vaccine approach. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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