Investigating natural attenuation of pharmaceuticals through unsaturated column tests
Autor: | Claus Kohfahl, Raffaella Meffe, V. Martínez-Hernández, Irene de Bustamante |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Naproxen
Environmental Engineering Sulfamethoxazole Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology 02 engineering and technology Wastewater pharmaceuticals 010501 environmental sciences Waste Disposal Fluid unsaturated zone 01 natural sciences Soil chemistry.chemical_compound Caffeine Vadose zone medicine Soil Pollutants Environmental Chemistry Acetaminophen 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Chromatography Chemistry transformation products Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Q Science (General) natural attenuation General Medicine General Chemistry Carbamazepine Contamination QD Chemistry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Kinetics QE Geology Infiltration (hydrology) Nonlinear Dynamics Pharmaceutical Preparations Environmental chemistry Sewage treatment Water Pollutants Chemical medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
Popis: | The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals together with their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) implies the occurrence of these compounds in natural water resources. To investigate the natural attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals (caffeine, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, naproxen and carbamazepine) during vadose zone infiltration, unsaturated column (L 26.67 cm, Ø 7.62 cm) experiments, filled with a sandy-loamy soil, were performed using two input concentrations (100 and 1000 μg L−1). The software Hydrus 1D was used to simulate experimental data. Caffeine and acetaminophen were never detected at the column outlet indicating a low environmental concern. On the other hand, attenuation of the detected pharmaceuticals could be reproduced by a combination of retardation and removal approaches. Carbamazepine is among the selected contaminants the most persistent. A dependence of removal rates on input concentrations was detected for sulfamethoxazole (μw from 2.78 d−1 to 1.16 d−1) and naproxen (μw from 1.16 d−1 to 0.63 d−1) attributed mainly to decreased metabolism of microorganisms when a higher input concentration is applied. Two transformation products (TPs) (N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole and epoxycarbamazepine) derived from sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine transformation, respectively, were detected during the experiment with the highest input concentration. Institutos Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Agua, España Unidad de Sevilla, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, España |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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