Tests for detection and identification of mycobacteria. How should they be used?
| Autor: | L.F.F. Kox |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Tuberculosis medicine.medical_treatment Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Disease medicine.disease_cause Polymerase Chain Reaction World health Mycobacterium medicine Humans Skin Tests Antigens Bacterial Bacteriological Techniques Mycobacterium Infections Staining and Labeling business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Immunosuppression Mycobacterium tuberculosis medicine.disease Antibodies Bacterial Virology Leprosy Mycobacterium species business Stearic Acids |
| Zdroj: | Respiratory Medicine. (6):399-408 |
| ISSN: | 0954-6111 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0954-6111(95)90207-4 |
| Popis: | Members of the genus Mycobacterium are widespread in nature, ranging from harmless inhabitants of water and soil to the agents of such devastating diseases as tuberculosis and leprosy. Tuberculosis is caused by M. tuberculosis, M. africanurn or M. bovis (1). These mycobacteria, together with M microti and 2M. bovis BCG, belong to the so-called M. tuberculosis complex. Tuberculosis still poses a major health problem in many parts of the world. The disease is responsible for over one-quarter of avoidable deaths from infectious diseases (2). Mortality is highest in developing countries, where over threequarters of cases occur (3). The problem is compounded by the emergence of M. tuberculosis strains which are resistant to drugs currently used (4-7). The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is having a profound impact on the tuberculosis problem in both industrialized and developing countries (6-9). The World Health Organization WHO) estimated that more than 8 million cases of tuberculosis occur each year with 3 million deaths, of which an increasing number are attributable to co-infection with HIV (estimated in 1995 to be 8.9%) (10). In Europe, HIV infection appears to contribute only marginally to the overall tuberculosis morbidity, except in large cities in southern Europe (11). Immigration from areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis appears to be a major contributor to the rising numbers of tuberculosis patients in Europe (11,12). Serious diseases caused by mycobacteria other than M tuberculosis, mostly mycobacteria belonging to the M avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex, have become very common in association with severe immunosuppression (13-16). This is not the situation in developing countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, where disease due to mycobacteria other than M tuberculosis is rare (17,18). The increase in mycobacterial diseases has stimulated the development of more rapid and efficient methods of diagnosis. This review highlights some of the laboratory tests currently in use or under development for detection and identification of mycobacteria. These tests range from simple staining methods to complex molecular biological techniques. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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