The impact of nuclear shape on the emergence of the neutron dripline
Autor: | Yutaka Utsuno, Naofumi Tsunoda, Sota Yoshida, Toshio Suzuki, Takaharu Otsuka, Kazuo Takayanagi, Noritaka Shimizu, Hideki Ueno |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Physics
Multidisciplinary Field (physics) Isotope 010308 nuclear & particles physics Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Nuclear Theory Binding energy 01 natural sciences Nuclear physics Nucleosynthesis 0103 physical sciences Atomic nucleus Neutron Nuclear Experiment 010306 general physics Nucleon Excitation |
Zdroj: | Nature. 587:66-71 |
ISSN: | 1476-4687 0028-0836 |
Popis: | Atomic nuclei are composed of a certain number of protons Z and neutrons N. A natural question is how large Z and N can be. The study of superheavy elements explores the large Z limit1,2, and we are still looking for a comprehensive theoretical explanation of the largest possible N for a given Z—the existence limit for the neutron-rich isotopes of a given atomic species, known as the neutron dripline3. The neutron dripline of oxygen (Z = 8) can be understood theoretically as the result of single nucleons filling single-particle orbits confined by a mean potential, and experiments confirm this interpretation. However, recent experiments on heavier elements are at odds with this description. Here we show that the neutron dripline from fluorine (Z = 9) to magnesium (Z = 12) can be predicted using a mechanism that goes beyond the single-particle picture: as the number of neutrons increases, the nuclear shape assumes an increasingly ellipsoidal deformation, leading to a higher binding energy. The saturation of this effect (when the nucleus cannot be further deformed) yields the neutron dripline: beyond this maximum N, the isotope is unbound and further neutrons ‘drip’ out when added. Our calculations are based on a recently developed effective nucleon–nucleon interaction4, for which large-scale eigenvalue problems are solved using configuration-interaction simulations. The results obtained show good agreement with experiments, even for excitation energies of low-lying states, up to the nucleus of magnesium-40 (which has 28 neutrons). The proposed mechanism for the formation of the neutron dripline has the potential to stimulate further thinking in the field towards explaining nucleosynthesis with neutron-rich nuclei. A mechanistic explanation for the origin of the neutron dripline shows that nuclei accommodate the addition of neutrons by becoming increasingly ellipsoidal, up to a maximum number of neutrons, reconciling theory and experiments. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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