The cell versus the system: standardization challenges for electricity storage devices

Autor: J. Van Mierlo, Bavo Verbrugge, Noshin Omar, F. Van Mulders, P. Van den Bossche, Hasan Culcu
Přispěvatelé: Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
Zdroj: World Electric Vehicle Journal
Volume 3
Issue 1
Pages 1-6
Scopus-Elsevier
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Popis: New types of storage devices such as electric double-layer capacitors (commonly known as supercapacitors) and high-capacity batteries such as lithium batteries (which can be designed for either high energy or high power applications) are now appearing on the market and promise to make a significant contribution to de deployment of performant electrically propelled vehicles, both battery-electric and hybrid. In urban traffic, due to their beneficial effect on environment, electric vehicles are an important factor for improvement of traffic and more particularly for a healthier living environment. The introduction of such new components creates the necessity for relevant and reliable standards to assess components' performance and safety. Technical committees within international standardization bodies such as IEC and ISO have thus increased the intensity of standardization work on the matter. As for the electric double-layer capacitors, a new standard is now being developed by IEC TC69,defining a standard procedure to measure electrical characteristics of the capacitor. This proposal is now circulating as a CDV. With regard to lithium batteries however, the situation is more complicated. Firstly, since the charge and discharge characteristics of batteries in hybrid applications, where the battery is intended foremostly as power storage, differ strongly from batteryelectric applications, where the battery acts as energy storage, new test cycles have to be defined. Furthermore, battery characteristics, particularly concerning safety, can be regarded from the viewpoint of the battery or from the viewpoint of the system. The first approach is the traditional battery cell and module standardization as performed by the IEC battery committees. The automotive sector however, represented in the relevant ISO committees, wants to standardize the battery system, as a component of the vehicle traction system. As has happened in the past on other electric vehicle related issues, the different standardization cultures between the two sectors have come to a collision, with several overlapping and potential conflicting new work items on lithium batteries being submitted parallely. High level negotiations have been held to resolve these problems, leading to the definition of clear scopes for new standards to be drafted on the subject. The system approach will be developed into the ISO standard, whileas new IEC standards are being drafted for battery cells and modules. IEC work will take place on two tracks, with the vehicle batteries, with their particular characteristics and usage cycles, being treated by IEC TC21/SC21A/TC69 JWG separately from stationary and other general applications treated by IEC SC21A, allowing the vehicle battery module standards to closely complement the ISO document on vehicle battery systems. The boundary between the two documents will be drawn based on the definition of the battery pack and its associated ancillaries which are part of the vehicle battery system but outside the battery as such. The standardization for electricity storage devices is a prime study object, proving on one hand how international standardization can provide a direct benefit to technological and societal development through the deployment of electrically propelled vehicles, and highlighting on the other hand the dynamics of the international standardization world where cultural and industrial differences should be resolved in a climate of collaboration and consensus in order to avoid double work and the drafting of conflicting (and thus useless) standards. The paper will describe current work on the matter, concentrating on the characteristic action points where standardization work is needed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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