Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: a review
| Autor: | Michael B. Zimmermann |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Male
newborns Goiter Endemic Cretinism Thyrotropin Medicine (miscellaneous) Physiology thyroid-function Nutrition Policy prevention Pregnancy Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Growth Disorders goiter Nutrition and Dietetics endemic cretinism Iodised salt nutrition Female women Thyroid function Iodine Adult medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent brain hormone chemistry.chemical_element Young Adult children Internal medicine medicine Humans Sodium Chloride Dietary VLAG Global Nutrition Wereldvoeding business.industry Infant Newborn Nutritional Requirements Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena medicine.disease Iodine deficiency Endocrinology chemistry Dietary Supplements Cognition Disorders business Cretinism Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(2), 668S-672S American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89 (2009) 2 |
| ISSN: | 0002-9165 |
| DOI: | 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26811c |
| Popis: | The World Health Organization (WHO) recently increased their recommended iodine intake during pregnancy from 200 to 250 microg/d and suggested that a median urinary iodine (UI) concentration of 150-249 microg/L indicates adequate iodine intake in pregnant women. Thyrotropin concentrations in blood collected from newborns 3-4 d after birth may be a sensitive indicator of even mild iodine deficiency during late pregnancy; a3% frequency of thyrotropin values5 mU/L indicates iodine sufficiency. New reference data and a simple collection system may facilitate use of the median UI concentration as an indicator of iodine status in newborns. In areas of severe iodine deficiency, maternal and fetal hypothyroxinemia can cause cretinism and adversely affect cognitive development in children; to prevent fetal damage, iodine should be given before or early in pregnancy. Whether mild-to-moderate maternal iodine deficiency produces more subtle changes in cognitive function in offspring is unclear; no controlled intervention studies have measured long-term clinical outcomes. Cross-sectional studies have, with few exceptions, reported impaired intellectual function and motor skills in children from iodine-deficient areas, but many of these studies were likely confounded by other factors that affect child development. In countries or regions where90% of households are using iodized salt and the median UI concentration in school-age children is100 microg/L, the WHO recommends iodine supplementation in pregnancy and infancy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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