A Superluminous Supernova Lightened by Collisions with Pulsational Pair-instability Shells
| Autor: | Weili Lin, Xiaofeng Wang, Lin Yan, Avishay Gal-Yam, Jun Mo, Thomas G. Brink, Alexei V. Filippenko, Danfeng Xiang, Ragnhild Lunnan, Weikang Zheng, Peter Brown, Mansi Kasliwal, Christoffer Fremling, Nadejda Blagorodnova, Davron Mirzaqulov, Shuhrat A. Ehgamberdiev, Han Lin, Kaicheng Zhang, Jicheng Zhang, Shengyu Yan, Jujia Zhang, Zhihao Chen, Licai Deng, Kun Wang, Lin Xiao, Lingjun Wang |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | Superluminous supernovae are among the most energetic stellar explosions in the Universe, but their energy sources remain an open question. Here we present long-term observations of one of the closest examples of the hydrogen-poor subclass (SLSNe-I), SN~2017egm, revealing the most complicated known luminosity evolution of SLSNe-I. Three distinct post-peak bumps were recorded in its light curve collected at about $100$--350\,days after maximum brightness, challenging current popular power models such as magnetar, fallback accretion, and interaction between ejecta and a circumstellar shell. However, the complex light curve can be well modelled by successive interactions with multiple circumstellar shells with a total mass of about $6.8$--7.7\,M$_\odot$. In this scenario, large energy deposition from interaction-induced reverse shocks results in ionization of neutral oxygen in the supernova ejecta and hence a much lower nebular-phase line ratio of [O\,\textsc{i}] $\lambda6300$/([Ca\,\textsc{ii}] + [O\,\textsc{ii}]) $\lambda7300$ ($\sim 0.2$) compared with that derived for other superluminous and normal stripped-envelope SNe. The pre-existing multiple shells indicate that the progenitor of SN~2017egm experienced pulsational mass ejections triggered by pair instability within 2 years before explosion, in robust agreement with theoretical predictions for a pre-pulsation helium-core mass of 48--51\,M$_{\odot}$. Finally, this work shows that the final explosion product may be a black hole with about 40\,M$_{\odot}$, and has significant implication for the formation of such heavy black holes that have been recently observed by LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave detectors. 34 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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