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Purified enzymes are widely used as medical diagnostic reagents for the measurement of analytes in urine, other body fluids such as serum and plasma, and even tissue. The enzymes and enzyme-catalyzed reactions important to these analyses are presented, as are the means for monitoring these reactions. The reactions may be monitored utilizing optical or electrochemical techniques, employing biological indicators, dyes, or other mediators specially designed for the detection system. Dry chemistry technology employing all necessary reagents, including immobilized enzymes, in hydrogel films formed from suitable polymer is described. The formation of enzyme electrodes for biosensors is discussed. The redox chemistry relating to the diagnostic polymers and other reagents designed for use in this field is presented. Keywords: Indicators; Analytes; Enzymes; Assay; Dry chemistry; Immobilized enzymes; Polymers; Coatings; Biosensors |
