Grain size dependence of degradation of aluminium/calcium cathodes in organic solar cells following exposure to humid air
| Autor: | Alastair Buckley, Tao Wang, David G. Lidzey, Athene M. Donald, Nicholas W. Scarratt, Ahmed Iraqi, Hunan Yi, Tom S. Glen, James Kingsley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Organic solar cell Bubble chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology Calcium 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences law.invention Degradation Aluminium law Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Metallurgy Water Humidity 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Grain size Cathode 0104 chemical sciences Surfaces Coatings and Films Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials chemistry Organic photovoltaics TEM Degradation (geology) 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 140:25-32 |
| ISSN: | 0927-0248 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.03.015 |
| Popis: | Cross-sectional TEM and SEM have been used to study the degradation of organic solar cells when exposed to a high humidity environment. Two obvious effects were caused by this exposure: voids at the aluminium/calcium interface and large bubble like protrusions on the top surface. Water ingress was found to occur mainly from the edge rather than through pinholes or defects in the aluminium film. The grain size of the aluminium used in the cathode was varied and small grained devices were found to have degraded faster. The importance of minimising water ingress into devices through cathode design and choice of materials is highlighted. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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