The MACPF/CDC family of pore-forming toxins
| Autor: | Phillip I. Bird, Ilia Voskoboinik, Michael J. Kuiper, Tara E. Bull, Michelle A. Dunstone, Joseph A. Trapani, S.C. Kondos, James C. Whisstock, Ashley M. Buckle, Ruby H. P. Law, Carlos J. Rosado |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Immunology
Bacterial Toxins Complement Membrane Attack Complex Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin Crystallography X-Ray Gram-Positive Bacteria Microbiology Protein Structure Secondary Cell membrane Protein structure Virology medicine Animals Humans Organelles MACPF Pore-forming toxin Microreviews biology Perforin Cell Membrane Transmembrane protein Cell biology medicine.anatomical_structure Thematic Reviews: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Defense biology.protein Complement membrane attack complex |
| Zdroj: | Cellular Microbiology |
| ISSN: | 1462-5822 |
| Popis: | Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are commonly associated with bacterial pathogenesis. In eukaryotes, however, PFTs operate in the immune system or are deployed for attacking prey (e.g. venoms). This review focuses upon two families of globular protein PFTs: the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) and the membrane attack complex/perforin superfamily (MACPF). CDCs are produced by Gram-positive bacteria and lyse or permeabilize host cells or intracellular organelles during infection. In eukaryotes, MACPF proteins have both lytic and non-lytic roles and function in immunity, invasion and development. The structure and molecular mechanism of several CDCs are relatively well characterized. Pore formation involves oligomerization and assembly of soluble monomers into a ring-shaped pre-pore which undergoes conformational change to insert into membranes, forming a large amphipathic transmembrane beta-barrel. In contrast, the structure and mechanism of MACPF proteins has remained obscure. Recent crystallographic studies now reveal that although MACPF and CDCs are extremely divergent at the sequence level, they share a common fold. Together with biochemical studies, these structural data suggest that lytic MACPF proteins use a CDC-like mechanism of membrane disruption, and will help understand the roles these proteins play in immunity and development. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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