Conditional and unconditional components of aversively motivated freezing, flight and darting in mice
Autor: | Jeremy M Trott, Ann N Hoffman, Irina Zhuravka, Michael S Fanselow |
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Rok vydání: | 2022 |
Předmět: |
learning
Mouse General Immunology and Microbiology General Neuroscience Conditioning Classical Fear General Medicine Predatory Imminence fear conditioning Basic Behavioral and Social Science General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Classical memory neuroscience Mice Mental Health Freezing Behavioral and Social Science Learning Animals defensive behavior Biochemistry and Cell Biology darting Conditioning |
Zdroj: | eLife. 11 |
ISSN: | 2050-084X |
Popis: | Fear conditioning is one of the most frequently used laboratory procedures for modeling learning and memory generally, and anxiety disorders in particular. The conditional response (CR) used in the majority of fear conditioning studies in rodents is freezing. Recently, it has been reported that under certain conditions, running, jumping, or darting replaces freezing as the dominant CR. These findings raise both a critical methodological problem and an important theoretical issue. If only freezing is measured but rodents express their learning with a different response, then significant instances of learning, memory, or fear may be missed. In terms of theory, whatever conditions lead to these different behaviors may be a key to how animals transition between different defensive responses and different emotional states. In mice, we replicated these past results but along with several novel control conditions. Contrary to the prior conclusions, running and darting were primarily a result of nonassociative processes and were actually suppressed by associative learning. Darting and flight were taken to be analogous to nonassociative startle or alpha responses that are potentiated by fear. Additionally, associative processes had some impact on the topography of flight behavior. On the other hand, freezing was the purest reflection of associative learning. We also uncovered a rule that describes when these movements replace freezing: when afraid, freeze until there is a sudden novel change in stimulation, then burst into vigorous flight attempts. This rule may also govern the change from fear to panic. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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