Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Role of Diet, Microbiota and Inflammation in Preclinical Models
| Autor: | Maria Vargas-Soria, Gloria Baena-Nieto, Maria Jose Carranza-Naval, Carmen Infante-Garcia, Angel del Marco, Carmen Hierro-Bujalance, Monica Garcia-Alloza |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
type 2 diabetes mellitus lcsh:QR1-502 microglia Firmicutes Type 2 diabetes Disease Review Gut flora Biochemistry lcsh:Microbiology Proinflammatory cytokine Diabetes Complications Prediabetic State 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors Diabetes Mellitus Medicine Dementia Animals Humans Microbiome Molecular Biology Life Style Inflammation biology business.industry Bacteroidetes Microbiota Probiotics Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Alzheimer's disease medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Diet Gastrointestinal Microbiome Actinobacteria Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Immunology business Dysbiosis Alzheimer’s disease 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Biomolecules 2021, 11(2), 262 RODIN. Repositorio de Objetos de Docencia e Investigación de la Universidad de Cádiz instname RODIN: Repositorio de Objetos de Docencia e Investigación de la Universidad de Cádiz Universidad de Cádiz Biomolecules Biomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 262, p 262 (2021) |
| Popis: | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Epidemiological studies show the association between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Dietary habits and lifestyle, that are risk factors in both diseases, strongly modulate gut microbiota composition. Also, the brain-gut axis plays a relevant role in AD, diabetes and inflammation, through products of bacterial metabolism, like short-chain fatty acids. We provide a comprehensive review of current literature on the relation between dysbiosis, altered inflammatory cytokines profile and microglia in preclinical models of AD, T2DM and models that reproduce both diseases as commonly observed in the clinic. Increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are widely detected. Microbiome analysis shows alterations in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes phyla, among others. Altered α- and β-diversity is observed in mice depending on genotype, gender and age; therefore, alterations in bacteria taxa highly depend on the models and approaches. We also review the use of pre- and probiotic supplements, that by favoring a healthy microbiome ameliorate AD and T2DM pathologies. Whereas extensive studies have been carried out, further research would be necessary to fully understand the relation between diet, microbiome and inflammation in AD and T2DM. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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