Particle-induced Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Subsequent Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Toxicologic and Pathologic Review
| Autor: | E. Bomhard |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Pulmonary Fibrosis Inflammation Air Pollutants Occupational Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Toxicology Pathology and Forensic Medicine 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Species Specificity Fibrosis Medicine Animals Humans Particle Size Animal species Molecular Biology Volume concentration Inhalation Exposure Inhalation business.industry Hazard potential Cell Biology medicine.disease Occupational Diseases 030104 developmental biology 030228 respiratory system Particulate Matter Animal studies medicine.symptom business Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis |
| Zdroj: | Toxicologic pathology. 45(3) |
| ISSN: | 1533-1601 |
| Popis: | This review analyzes the published data on cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in workers inhaling crystalline aluminum, indium, silicon, and titanium particles and possible sequelae, that is, inflammation and fibrosis, and compares these findings with those from animal experiments. In inhalation studies in rodents using crystalline indium and gallium compounds, pronounced PAP followed by inflammation and fibrosis down to very low concentration ranges have been reported. Crystalline aluminum, silicon, and titanium compounds also induced comparable pulmonary changes in animals, though at higher exposure levels. Laboratory animal species appear to react to the induction of PAP with varying degrees of sensitivity. The sensitivity of humans to environmental causes of PAP seems to be relatively low. Up to now, no cases of PAP, or other pulmonary diseases in humans, have been described for gallium compounds. However, a hazard potential can be assumed based on the results of animal studies. Specific particle properties, responsible for the induction of PAP and its sequelae, have not been identified. This review provides indications that, both in animal studies and in humans, PAP is not often recognized due to the absence of properly directed investigation or is concealed behind other forms of lung pathology. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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