Pesticide residues in honeybee-collected pollen: does the EU regulation protect honeybees from pesticides?
| Autor: | Olli J. Loukola, Marja Jalli, Timo Hurme, Jarmo Ketola, Sakari Raiskio, Lotta Kaila, Kati Hakala, Marjaana Toivonen |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Ruokavirasto, Finnish Food Authority, Suomen ympäristökeskus, The Finnish Environment Institute, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Plant Production Sciences |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
mehiläiset
Insecticides Pollination Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine.disease_cause Field-realistic residues Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound maatalous implementation pölyttäjät media_common Risk assessment lainsäädäntö kestävä kehitys Pollinators Sustainable agriculture risk assessment riskinarviointi General Medicine Bees Thiacloprid Pollution Pollinator decline POLLINATION Pollen field-realistic residues NEGATIVELY AFFECTS IMPACTS Plant Nectar Biology 4111 Agronomy kasvinsuojeluaineet medicine Environmental Chemistry media_common.cataloged_instance Nectar Animals EXPOSURE European Union European union Pesticides siitepöly BEES APIS-MELLIFERA 1172 Environmental sciences Pesticide residue Pesticide Residues torjunta-aineet Pesticide TRENDS sustainable agriculture jäämät chemistry Implementation EU legislation pollinators EU |
| Zdroj: | Environmental science and pollution research international. 29(12) |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 |
| Popis: | Researchers globally identify pesticides as one of the main reasons for pollinator decline. In the European Union (EU), extensive legislation is implemented to protect pollinators from harmful pesticide exposure. The aim of our study was to discover whether the pesticide residue levels in honeybee matrices, such as nectar and pollen, exceeded the chronic or acute toxicity levels when beehives were located next to fields treated with specific insecticides. The insecticides were used according to the EU legislation and its national implementation. The experiments were conducted in turnip rape, oilseed rape, and caraway fields in southern Finland during the years 2019 and 2020. The pesticides used in the experiments contained the active substances lambda-cyhalothrin (2019), esfenvalerate (2020), and tau-fluvalinate (2020). However, the honeybee-collected pollen and nectar were analyzed for residues of more than 100 active substances. The results showed that the pesticide residue levels clearly remained under the oral acute toxicity for honeybees, although we found high levels of thiacloprid residues in the pollen collected in 2019. The pesticide residues in nectar were below LOQ values, which was most likely due to the rainy weather conditions together with the chosen sampling method. No statistically significant differences were observed between the insecticide-treated and untreated fields. In light of our research, the EU legislation protected honeybees from oral acute toxicity during the years 2019 and 2020. However, potential sublethal effects of thiacloprid and other pesticide compounds found in the collected pollen cannot be ruled out. In the future, constant monitoring of pesticide exposure of honeybees and wild pollinators should be established to ensure that pesticide legislation, and its implementation across the EU successfully protects pollinators and their services in agricultural environments. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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