The Dynamics of Moonlighting in Pakistan
| Autor: | Ather Maqsood Ahmed, Asma Hyder |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Labour economics
media_common.quotation_subject Geography Planning and Development Purchasing power Wage Developing country Probit Development Social and Behavioral Sciences Human capital Occupational Association Moonlighting Labour Mobility Occupational Association Supply and demand jel:J24 jel:J22 Economics Medicine Labor Mobility Real wages Productivity Constraint (mathematics) Budget constraint media_common Estimation business.industry Economic sector Reservation wage Specification business Sustainable growth rate Moonlighting |
| Zdroj: | Hyder, Asma; & Ahmed, Ather Maqsood. (2011). The Dynamics of Moonlighting in Pakistan. Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. UCLA: The Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk031zq |
| ISSN: | 1556-5068 |
| DOI: | 10.2139/ssrn.1875061 |
| Popis: | There is substantial amount of literature available in Pakistan focusing on wage level and trends in different sectors of the economy to determine labour market outcomes and differences in the living standard of workers. Man (2008) has shown that the time trend growth in wages for the last two and half decades has been 7.7 percent in contrast to 7.2 percent in prices thereby yielding 0.7 percent growth in real wages. This confirms that the purchasing power of consumers has remained very low due to surge in prices of commodities of consumer basket. Unfortunately the economy of Pakistan is facing multiple challenges, starting from its difficulty in arresting the escalation in prices, to achieving sustainable growth in a longer term horizon. There is virtually no improvement in socio-demographic indicators. The labour market dynamics are such that it is becoming increasingly difficult to train and educate people for work and to provide them with decent well-paying jobs. Resultantly, there is a dearth of educated and skilled people, and the mismatch between jobs and workers has increased. In this scenario, those who posses some sort of skills or specific education, they try to get maximum benefit out of it, including holding multiple jobs, even if it involves jobs in other than their own primary occupation. The moonlighting or holding of dual jobs has not been an attractive agenda of labour economists in Pakistan, even though it has been a common phenomenon in many developing countries. The subject is serious because it not only helps in understanding workers' behaviour and decision to allocate his/her time between work and leisure, moonlighting also affects the very structure of labour market including workers' performance and productivity. An in-depth analysis is therefore, required to know the significance of wage rate, demographics of the labour force, their budget constraints, their engagement in primary and secondary occupations, and above all their human capital characteristics. Given this ambitions agenda, it may not be possible to explore all these issues related with moonlighting in a single study. Therefore, the present study seeks to focus on three main research questions. The first and the main objective of the study is to find out the main determinants of dual job holding; Second, to explore the demographic and human capital characteristics of moonlighters; and lastly, to investigate relationship between workers' main occupation and second job. Within this perspective, the study may be regarded as a starting point to understand the complexities of labour market in Pakistan, particularly the job mobility, labour market transition and spillover over effects, if any. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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