Anti-inflammatory reflex action of splanchnic sympathetic nerves is distributed across abdominal organs
| Autor: | David Gs Farmer, Song T. Yao, Michael J. McKinley, Davide Martelli, Robin M. McAllen |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Martelli, Davide, Farmer, David G, McKinley, Michael J, Yao, Song Tieng, McAllen, Robin Michael |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
Male 0301 basic medicine Nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Sympathetic Nervous System Physiology Efferent Inflammatory reflex tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Stimulation Splanchnic nerves Rats Sprague-Dawley 03 medical and health sciences Catecholamines 0302 clinical medicine Physiology (medical) Abdomen Adrenal Glands Reflex medicine Animals Arterial Pressure Adrenal medulla Inflammation Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha business.industry Splanchnic Nerves Rats 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway spleen Splanchnic business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 316:R235-R242 |
| ISSN: | 1522-1490 0363-6119 |
| DOI: | 10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2018 |
| Popis: | The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway has been proposed as the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex. Although much evidence points to the spleen as the principal target organ where sympathetic nerves inhibit immune function, a systematic study to locate the target organ(s) of the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway has not yet been made. In anesthetized rats made endotoxemic with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 60 µg/kg iv), plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in animals with cut (SplancX) or sham-cut (Sham) splanchnic nerves. We confirm here that disengagement of the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway in SplancX rats (17.01 ± 0.95 ng/ml, mean ± SE) strongly enhances LPS-induced plasma TNF-α levels compared with Sham rats (3.76 ± 0.95 ng/ml). In paired experiments, the responses of SplancX and Sham animals were compared after the single or combined removal of organs innervated by the splanchnic nerves. Removal of target organ(s) where the splanchnic nerves inhibit systemic inflammation should abolish any difference in LPS-induced plasma TNF-α levels between Sham and SplancX rats. Any secondary effects of extirpating organs should apply to both groups. Surprisingly, removal of the spleen and/or the adrenal glands did not prevent the reflex splanchnic anti-inflammatory action nor did the following removals: spleen + adrenals + intestine; spleen + intestine + stomach and pancreas; or spleen + intestine + stomach and pancreas + liver. Only when spleen, adrenals, intestine, stomach, pancreas, and liver were all removed did the difference between SplancX and Sham animals disappear. We conclude that the reflex anti-inflammatory action of the splanchnic nerves is distributed widely across abdominal organs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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