How eyewitnesses resist misinformation: Social postwarnings and the monitoring of memory characteristics
| Autor: | Gerald Echterhoff, Walter Hussy, William Hirst |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Memory errors Communication Memoria Source credibility Misinformation effect Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Cognition False memory Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Eyewitness memory Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Memory Mental Recall Visual Perception Humans Female Misinformation Social Behavior Psychology Social psychology |
| Zdroj: | Memory & Cognition. 33:770-782 |
| ISSN: | 1532-5946 0090-502X |
| DOI: | 10.3758/bf03193073 |
| Popis: | Previous findings have been equivocal as to whether the postevent misinformation effect on eyewitness memory is reduced by warnings presented after the misinformation (postwarnings). In the present research, social postwarnings, which characterize the postevent source as a low-credibility individual, diminished the misinformation effect in both cued recall and recognition tests. Discrediting the source as being either untrustworthy or incompetent was effective (Experiment 1). Also, postwarned participants rated reality characteristics of their memories more accurately than did participants receiving no or high-credibility information about the postevent source (Experiment 2). A social postwarning yielded the same results as an explicit source-monitoring appeal and led to longer response times for postevent items, relative to a no-warning condition (Experiments 3 and 4). The findings suggest that the reduced misinformation effect was due to more thorough monitoring of memory characteristics by postwarned participants, rather than to a stricter response criterion or to enhanced event memory. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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