Eocene Araucaria Sect. Eutacta from Patagonia and floristic turnover during the initial isolation of South America
| Autor: | Ignacio H. Escapa, Peter Wilf, Ana Andruchow-Colombo, Gabriella Rossetto-Harris |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
biology Araucaria Australasia Ecology Fossils Biogeography Araucariaceae Antarctic Regions Plant Science Rainforest Disjunct South America biology.organism_classification 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Floristics Gondwana Genus Genetics Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Phylogeny 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | American journal of botanyLiterature Cited. 107(5) |
| ISSN: | 1537-2197 |
| Popis: | PREMISE Eocene floras of Patagonia document biotic response to the final separation of Gondwana. The conifer genus Araucaria, distributed worldwide during the Mesozoic, has a disjunct extant distribution between South America and Australasia. Fossils assigned to Australasian Araucaria Sect. Eutacta usually are represented by isolated organs, making diagnosis difficult. Araucaria pichileufensis E.W. Berry, from the middle Eocene Rio Pichileufu (RP) site in Argentine Patagonia, was originally placed in Sect. Eutacta and later reported from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco (LH) locality. However, the relationship of A. pichileufensis to Sect. Eutacta and the conspecificity of the Araucaria material among these Patagonian floras have not been tested using modern methods. METHODS We review the type material of A. pichileufensis alongside large (n = 192) new fossil collections of Araucaria from LH and RP, including multi-organ preservation of leafy branches, ovuliferous complexes, and pollen cones. We use a total evidence phylogenetic analysis to analyze relationships of the fossils to Sect. Eutacta. RESULTS We describe Araucaria huncoensis sp. nov. from LH and improve the whole-plant concept for Araucaria pichileufensis from RP. The two species respectively resolve in the crown and stem of Sect. Eutacta. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the presence and indicate the survival of Sect. Eutacta in South America during early Antarctic separation. The exceptionally complete fossils significantly predate several molecular age estimates for crown Eutacta. The differentiation of two Araucaria species demonstrates conifer turnover during climate change and initial South American isolation from the early to middle Eocene. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Plný text