The legacy effect of synthetic N fertiliser
| Autor: | Wytse J. Vonk, Renske Hijbeek, Margaret J. Glendining, David S. Powlson, Anne Bhogal, Ines Merbach, João Vasco Silva, Hanna J. Poffenbarger, Jagman Dhillon, Klaus Sieling, Hein F. M. ten Berge |
|---|---|
| Předmět: |
Soil N retention
Cereal production Nitrogen recovery Long term experiment soil N retention soil N supply 15N Soil Science Nitrogen Use Efficiency Agrosysteemkunde Agrosystems Research nitrogen use efficiency fertiliser requirement Plant Production Systems synthetic fertiliser N Plantaardige Productiesystemen Agro Field Technology Innovations cereal production nitrogen recovery long-term experiment |
| Zdroj: | European Journal of Soil Science 73 (2022) 3 European Journal of Soil Science, 73(3) |
| ISSN: | 1351-0754 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/ejss.13238 |
| Popis: | Cumulative crop recovery of synthetic fertiliser nitrogen (N) over several cropping seasons (legacy effect) generally receives limited attention. The increment in crop N uptake after the first-season uptake from fertiliser can be expressed as a fraction (∆RE) of the annual N application rate. This study aims to quantify ∆RE using data from nine long-term experiments (LTEs). As such, ∆RE is the difference between first season (RE1st) and long-term (RELT) recovery of synthetic fertiliser N. In this study, RE1st was assessed either by the 15N isotope method or by a zero-N subplot freshly superimposed on a long-term fertilised LTE treatment plot. RELT was calculated by comparing N uptake in the total aboveground crop biomass between a long-term fertilised and long-term control (zero-N) treatment. Using a mixed linear effect model, the effects of climate, crop type, experiment duration, average N rate, and soil clay content on ∆RE were evaluated. Because the experimental setup required for the calculation of ∆RE is relatively rare, only nine suitable LTEs were found. Across these nine LTEs in Europe and North America, the mean ∆RE was 24.4% (±12.0%, 95% CI) of annual N application, with higher values for winter wheat than for maize. This result shows that fertiliser-N retained in the soil and stubble may contribute substantially to crop N uptake in subsequent years. Our results suggest that an initial recovery of 43.8% (±11%, 95% CI) of N application may increase to around 66.0% (±15%, 95% CI) on average over time. Furthermore, we found that ∆RE was not clearly related to long-term changes in topsoil total N stock. Our findings show that the—often used—first-year recovery of synthetic fertiliser N application does not express the full effect of fertiliser application on crop nutrition. The fertiliser contribution to soil N supply should be accounted for when exploring future scenarios on N cycling, including crop N requirements and N balance schemes. Highlights: Nine long-term cereal experiments in Europe and USA were analysed for long-term crop N recovery of synthetic N fertiliser. On average, and with application rates between 34 and 269 kg N/ha, crop N recovery increased from 43.8% in the first season to 66.0% in the long term. Delta recovery was larger for winter wheat than maize. Observed increases in crop N uptake were not explained by proportionate increases in topsoil total N stock. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|