Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
| Autor: | Carlos Andre Salles, Ingrid Heitmann, Victor J. DiRita, Paul W. Ewald, Felipe C. Cabello, Wahid P. Chammas, Matthew T. Distler, Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente, Jeremy B. Sussman, Camila Libel |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 1998 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Natural experiment lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine lcsh:RC955-962 Trypanosoma cruzi Plasmodium falciparum lcsh:QR1-502 Virulence Disease waterborne transmission Biology Disease Vectors infectious diseases Communicable Diseases lcsh:Microbiology Dengue fever medicine Animals Humans Vibrio cholerae Ecology pathogens medicine.disease Virology Biological Evolution Infectious disease (medical specialty) Communicable disease transmission Communicable Disease Control Water Microbiology control Malaria Arthropod Vector |
| Zdroj: | Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz., Vol 93, Iss 5, Pp 567-576 (1998) Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Volume: 93, Issue: 5, Pages: 567-576, Published: SEP 1998 Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz., Vol 93, Iss 5, p 567 (1998) |
| ISSN: | 1678-8060 0074-0276 |
| Popis: | Evolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. Theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. The entrance of Vibrio cholerae into South America in 1991 has generated a natural experiment that allows testing of this idea by determining whether geographic and temporal variations in toxigenicity correspond to variation in the potential for waterborne transmission. Preliminary studies show such correspondences: toxigenicity is negatively associated with access to uncontaminated water in Brazil; and in Chile, where the potential for waterborne transmission is particularly low, toxigenicity of strains declined between 1991 and 1998. In theory vector-proofing of houses should be similarly associated with benignity of vectorborne pathogens, such as the agents of dengue, malaria, and Chagas' disease. These preliminary studies draw attention to the need for definitive prospective experiments to determine whether interventions such as provisioning of uncontaminated water and vector-proofing of houses cause evolutionary reductions in virulence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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