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Chasuble - origin, symbols, ways to decorate Chasuble is a decorative outer vestment used by Catholic priests to celebrate Mass. Its decorativeness, as well as the decorativeness of all vestments, emphasizes the celebrant and the significance of the liturgical activities. Chasuble comes from the Roman „paenula”, that is a light coat protecting from rain. It was commonly used by Christian priests since the fourth century, and it became a characteristic feature of the priesthood from the seventh century. Liturgical vestments started to develop since the ninth century, when they were used only for liturgical purposes by blessing. Over the centuries chasubles were the subject of different modifications. From the twelfth to the fifteenth century chasubles had the shape of the bell, and they were called gothic chasubles. After that time, especially after the Council of Trent, they were gradually modified. Chasubles were shortened until the violin shape – these were the so called Roman chasubles. First chasubles had ornamental patterns of the fabrics they were made of. However, Roman „paenule” had vertical stripes, the so called „clavi”, which later formed a decorative column sometimes adopting the form of a cross. Chasubles were made from the best silk fabrics. From the fourteenth to the first half of the seventeenth century the most popular were Italian fabrics, and from the second half of the seventeenth century – French fabrics. The main decorative motifs are embroidered orphreys. In medieval times they were mainly figural representations and since the Renaissance they became more plastic and decorative thanks to goldsmith’s additives. In the time of Renaissance plant ornamentation is the dominant. However, since the Counter-Reformation vestment embroidery was dominated by plant-flower ornamentation, with heavy and complex compositions. A common feature of the presented vestments is their cut, formed finally after the Council of Trent. In this form it has survived over 400 years, until the Second Vatican Council. Throughout this time we can see a variety of fabrics, techniques and ornamentation methods used in the production of vestments. Each of the examples has its original decorativeness. |
