Defining Key Genes Regulating Morphogenesis of Apocrine Sweat Gland in Sheepskin
| Autor: | Wenshuo Chen, Yong Hu, Mei Yu, Quanqing Qi, Chunyan Mou, Danzhuoma Cai, Shaomei Li, Xinting Zheng, Yingfeng Tao, Zhiwei Liu, Yangfan Nie, Quanbang Pei, Xuewen Hu, Haisheng Qiao |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
TGF-β skin lcsh:QH426-470 morphogenesis Apocrine sweat gland Gland morphogenesis Human skin Biology sweat gland WNT 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine stomatognathic system Sweat gland medicine Genetics Salivary gland morphogenesis Genetics (clinical) Original Research Mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation integumentary system wool follicle Hair follicle Skin appendage Cell biology lcsh:Genetics 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Molecular Medicine transcriptome |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 9 (2019) Frontiers in Genetics |
| ISSN: | 1664-8021 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fgene.2018.00739/full |
| Popis: | The apocrine sweat gland is a unique skin appendage in humans compared to mouse and chicken models. The absence of apocrine sweat glands in chicken and murine skin largely restrains further understanding of the complexity of human skin biology and skin diseases, like hircismus. Sheep may serve as an additional system for skin appendage investigation owing to the distributions and histological similarities between the apocrine sweat glands of sheep trunk skin and human armpit skin. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying morphogenesis of apocrine sweat glands in sheepskin, transcriptome analyses were conducted to reveal 1631 differentially expressed genes that were mainly enriched in three functional groups (cellular component, molecular function and biological process), particularly in gland, epithelial, hair follicle and skin development. There were 7 Gene Ontology (GO) terms enriched in epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis of branching epithelium that were potentially correlated with the wool follicle peg elongation. An additional 5 GO terms were enriched in gland morphogenesis (20 genes), gland development (42 genes), salivary gland morphogenesis and development (8 genes), branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis (6 genes) and mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation (4 genes). The enriched gland-related genes and two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway genes (WNT and TGF-β) were potentially involved in the induction of apocrine sweat glands. Genes named BMPR1A, BMP7, SMAD4, TGFB3, WIF1, and WNT10B were selected to validate transcript expression by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize markers for hair follicle (SOX2), skin fibroblast (PDGFRB), stem cells (SOX9) and BMP signaling (SMAD5) in sheepskin. SOX2 and PDGFRB were absent in apocrine sweat glands. SOX9 and SMAD5 were both observed in precursor cells of apocrine sweat glands and later in gland ducts. These results combined with the upregulation of BMP signaling genes indicate that apocrine sweat glands were originated from outer root sheath of primary wool follicle and positively regulated by BMP signaling. This report established the primary network regulating early development of apocrine sweat glands in sheepskin and will facilitate the further understanding of histology and pathology of apocrine sweat glands in human and companion animal skin. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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