Environmental risk factors in the incidence of Johne’s disease
| Autor: | Charlotte Maltin, Geoffrey N. Elliott, Colin Campbell, Rupert Hough, Lisa M. Avery |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Prevalence
Wildlife Cattle Diseases Sheep Diseases Paratuberculosis Disease Environment Biology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology Risk Factors Disease management (agriculture) medicine Animals Soil Microbiology Organism Sheep Ecology General Medicine Risk factor (computing) medicine.disease Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Biological dispersal Cattle |
| Zdroj: | Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 41:488-507 |
| ISSN: | 1549-7828 1040-841X |
| DOI: | 10.3109/1040841x.2013.867830 |
| Popis: | This review addresses the survival and persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative pathogen of Johne's disease (JD), once it has left its ruminant host. JD has significant economic impact on dairy, beef and sheep industries and is difficult to control due to the long-term sub-clinical nature of the infection, intermittent or persistent MAP shedding during and after this period, inadequate test effectiveness, and the potential for MAP to exist for extended periods outside the host. The role that environmental factors play in the persistence and spread of MAP and consequent disease is assessed. Published risk factor analysis, organism survival across various environmental media and conditions, presence and spread in ruminant and non-ruminant wildlife, and the general potential for survival and multiplication of MAP ex-host both on and off-farm are discussed and knowledge gaps highlighted. An inclusive approach to disease management that takes into account the persistence and transport of the causative organism in on-farm soils and waters, land use and management, dispersal by domestic and non-domestic host species, as well as general animal husbandry is required on those farms where more traditional approaches to disease management have failed to reduce disease prevalence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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