Ecclisomyia bilera Denning 1951

Autor:	Givens, Donald R.
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	Insecta Arthropoda Limnephilidae Trichoptera Animalia Biodiversity Ecclisomyia Ecclisomyia bilera Taxonomy
DOI:	10.5281/zenodo.5975590
Popis:	Ecclisomyia bilera Denning 1951 Figs. 1a��1c; 2a��2c; 3a��3c; 4a��4c; 5a, 5b; 6a, 6b; 7a, 7b; 8a��8d; 9; 37; 41; 42; 43 a-1, 43 a-2. Ecclisomyia bilera Denning 1951, 161, figs. 5a, 5b, 5c, male, female. Holotype male: Shasta Co., California, Lassen National Park, King's Creek Meadows, July 23, 1950, (C.P. Alexander) (CASC); Allotype female: same data as for holotype (CASC); Erman & Erman (1990, 12, 13, 15, 24, distribution, biology); Givens (2014, 159, 170, distribution). Male diagnosis. Tergum X is foliaceous, appearing long and rectangular and apically truncate in dorsal and ventral views, curled evenly ventrad in lateral view (Figs. 1a, 1b, 1c); tergum X is acute or blunt in dorsal or ventral views in the other species and thicker and less curled in lateral view. The distal ends of the parameres of the phallus (ph) are angled dorsad (Figs. 1a, 2a); parameres are nearly or entirely straight in the other species. The inferior appendages of E. bilera lack spines, whereas E. conspersa has a stout, basal spine arising from each inferior appendage (Figs. 10b, 11b); E. maculosa and E. simulata have 2 black stout spines arising from the mesobasal area of each inferior appendage, with 1��4 smaller black stout spines lateral of these 2 basal spines (Figs. 22b, 23b, 30b, 31b). Male description. See Denning (1951, 161, figs. 5a, 5b). Supplementary description follows: Length 8��11 mm (N = 16). Head, thoracic nota dark brown to dark fuscous. Antennae with 45��48 segments, each segment near distal end with 2 short translucent (difficult to discern) spine-like setae, except segment 1 (scape) and segment 2 with none. Antennal segments with fine black setae; scape large, pedicel short, third antennal segment 2 X length of pedicel. Sternum VIII with anterior area brown; with long reddish setae along distal ventral margin and lateral surfaces; in lateral view quadrate. Segment IX roughly triangular in lateral view, longest mesolaterally, longitudinally short dorsally and ventrally; dorsal, ventral, and anterior margins heavily sclerotized and lateral and caudal areas hyaline (Figs. 1a, 2a); in dorsal view, wide sclerotized bridge (strap) connecting left and right lateral portions (Fig. 1c); in ventral view, wide, transverse (longitudinally short) ventral strap connecting right and left portions (Fig. 1b). Tergum X foliaceous, appearing long and rectangular and apically truncate in dorsal and ventral views, curled evenly ventrad in lateral view; dark brown, subequal in width but slightly wider distally (Figs. 1c, 2c); dorsal and lateral areas with translucent (white) setae (= ��spicules�� of Denning 1951), best seen in dorsal view; caudal margin with deep V-shaped incision (Fig. 2b). Superior appendages (sa) divergent, brown, slightly wider posteriorly in ventral and dorsal views, rounded distally (Figs. 1b, 1c); dorsal and ventral margins and lateral surfaces clothed with translucent (white) setae. Inferior appendage (ifa) subtriangular in lateral and ventral views (Figs. 1a, 1b, 2a), each inferior appendage fused to form single non-articulated appendage with remnant suture visible; long, light reddish setae arising from ventral surface and distal area. Pair of parameres arising dorsally from anterior base of phallus; each with single distal hook angled dorsad (Figs. 1a, 2a). Phallus short, phallocrypt narrowed mesally, wider both anteriorly and caudally in lateral view (Figs.1a, 2a). Intermediate appendages dorsal of phallus, extending caudad; viewed ventrally (Fig.1b), distal portion separating into two convex extensions; dorsal apical areas appearing punctate. Female diagnosis. The distal margin of tergum X (Figs. 3c, 4c) with V-shaped incision extending about 1/2��3/ 4 the length of the segment, unlike the shallow mesal notch in segment X of E. conspersa female (Figs. 12, 13a). The external part of gonopod VIII short as in the E. conspersa female, but the distal (posterior) margin with a Vshaped indentation; contrasting with that of E. conspersa with a concave posterior margin that is sometimes convex; the external part of gonopod VIII is large in E. maculosa and E. simulata (Figs. 24c, 32a). The posterior margin of the external part of gonopod IX in E. bilera broadly concave; in E. conspersa with a U-shaped mesal indentation. The spermathecal sclerite round and broader posteriorly than anteriorly, whereas in E. conspersa, the spermathecal sclerite is narrower posteriorly than anteriorly (Figs. 12, 13a) or subquadrate in E. maculosa and E. simulata. Female description. Length 9��11 mm (N = 8). Tergum VIII brown, broad, extending ventrad beyond longitudinal midline (Fig. 3a); sternum VIII brown, short, entire, not divided; posterior dorsolateral angle triangular; pleura (pl) well developed (Fig. 3a); ventral caudal margin broadly and deeply concave (Figs. 3b, 4a). Tergum IX well developed, brown, extending laterally to pleural region; sternum IX reduced, without sclerotization, telescoped within segment VIII. Abdominal segment X conical, ventral and lateral surfaces lightly sclerotized, with numerous short black to translucent setae (Fig. 3a); lateral margins sinuate (Figs. 3b, 4a); concave elongate anal opening ventrally and anteriorly (Figs. 3b, 4a); in dorsal view distal margin of tergum X with deep Vshaped mesal incision for about 1/2��3/4 length of tergum. External part of fused gonopods VIII narrow, rectangular, semimembranosus or lightly sclerotized, with lateral sides straight in ventral view and curved dorsad to form small troughs, posterior margin forming V-shaped mesal indentation, not extending posterad beyond caudal margin of external part of fused gonopods IX. External part of fused gonopods IX short, concave dorsally, convex ventrally; serving as dorsal sheath for vaginal opening and extending beyond it; obscure, not heavily sclerotized; distal margin with broad U-shaped mesal indentation. Spermathecal sclerite rounded anteriorly, lateral margins heavily sclerotized, ribbed. Pupal diagnosis. The Ecclisomyia bilera pupa may be separated from the pupa of E. conspersa by the absence of lateral line gills; with gills present on abdominal segments IIp��IVa of E. conspersa; from E. simulata by the absence of subdorsal gills on the anterior margins of abdominal segment II (Fig. 42); with gills present subdorsally on IIa of E. simulata (Fig. 42). The Ecclisomyia bilera pupa has gills (dorsally and subventrally on VIIa; the E. maculosa pupa lacks such gills (Fig. 42). The apical processes of E. bilera, E. maculosa, and E. simulata each have 2 stout, long, black apical setae (Figs. 5a, 6a, 26a, 27a, 28a, 33a, 34a, 35a), whereas those of E. conspersa each have 3 long, black stout setae (Figs. 15a, 16a, 17a, 18a). Pupal description. Length 8��10 mm (N = 10). Head: Dark brown to dark reddish brown. Male antennae extending to abdominal apical processes; antennae in females extending to abdominal segment V. Labrum semioval, posterior margin convex, with 10 long black stout setae on dorsal surface, setae directed dorsad, distal ends of setae hooked (Fig. 8a). Mandibles dark brown; bases of mandibles broad, each tapering into single triangular apical tooth; ventrolateral surface with 2 long black stout setae (Fig. 8b). Mesal margins of mandibles finely serrated in both male and female pupae; serrations difficult to discern under light microscope. Thorax: Pro-, meso-, and metanota dark brown to reddish brown; Pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs brown. In mature pupa tarsal and tibial segments with both single and paired reddish-black stout spines; spines absent in immature pupa. Procoxae of both mature and immature pupae each with 1 long black seta near lateral margin and 2��5 shorter black setae on ventral surface. Mesocoxae each with 1��2 black setae on ventral surface. Profemora each with single black to brownish seta positioned near distal margin on ventral surface. Mesotarsal segments 1��4 each with pair of lateral fringes of long reddish to white hairs directed posterad. Abdomen: Lateral fringe on each side originating from posterior area of abdominal segment V, extending to posterior margin of segment VIII; consisting of long, fine, hair-like black setae directed dorsad; line of fringe arching ventrad to segment VIII. Abdominal gills present; dorsal and ventral abdominal gills each single filament; present subdorsally on segments IIp��Va and dorsally on segments Vp��VIIp; present subventrally on abdominal segments IIp��VIIp (Fig. 42). Dorsal process of segment I quadrate, rugulose; with 2 long black sa 2 setae each set laterad to meson; posterior margin sinuate, brown, forming pair of denticulate submesal lobes, each with 6��8 small, short spicules (Fig. 8d); shape of dorsal process varying with maturity of pupa. Hook plates on abdominal segments III��VII (Figs. 8c, 37, 41). Pairs of hook plates present anteriorly on segments III��VII, posteriorly on segment V. Hook plate IIIa with 2��5 hooks; IVa with 3��5; Va with 3��6; Vp with 13��26; VIa with 3��6; and VIIa with 3��7. Hook plates brown, hooks dark brown-black, directed posterad on anterior hook plates of segments III��VII and anterad on elliptical hook plates Vp. Dorsal abdominal segments each with 1 pair of black sa 2 setae on each of segments I��IV, 2��3 pairs on abdominal segments V��VII, and 3��4 pairs on segment VIII (Fig. 8c). Venter of abdominal segments III��VIII each with pair of short, black sa 2 setae and segments V��VIII each with pair of short black sa 3 setae. Apical processes distal area formed into 2 caudal lobes, brown, lightly sclerotized, curved apicomesad. Caudal lobes each with 2 long, black, stout setae on distal margin of lobe and with 2 shorter, black, stout setae along mesal surface (Figs. 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b); several short black setae also on dorsal surface and shorter black setae on ventral surface (Figs. 6b, 7b). Apical processes of female and male pupae with distinct lateral reddish spur set on distal lateral corner of each apical lobe. Dorsal surfaces of apical processes of male and female pupae appearing punctate due to covering of numerous spicules, barely discernable under light microscope (Figs. 5a, 7a). Pupal case. Length 10��13 mm (N = 8), width 5 mm (N = 8); i.e., case approximately 2��3 X width (Fig. 43 a-1). An inner silk-covered pupa encased within layer of large sand grains and coarse pebbles, interstitial spaces filled with much smaller grains of sand between larger pebbles and sand grains (Fig. 43 a-2). Pupal case rounded; slightly wider anteriorly, but generally uniform in diameter. Pebbles at both ends loosely attached, leaving gaps between pebbles. In one site, cases were not attached to rocks, but lying in pools of a shallow creek without any apparent orientation to water flow; those pupal cases shorter, less streamlined (Fig. 43 a-2). Larval diagnosis. Of the four Nearctic species of Ecclisomyia, only the larva of E. bilera lacks mesal stripes on the head and thorax, diagnostic for this species. The posterior area of the frontoclypeus has indistinct muscle scars as occurs in E. simulata. Ecclisomyia conspersa and E. maculosa are without muscle scars on the frontoclypeus or the scars are indistinct. Each metathoracic sclerite sa 1 has 9��15 long black setae, whereas this sclerite on the other three Nearctic Ecclisomyia species each has 4��8 long black setae. The E. bilera larva does not have lateral line gills, whereas the E. conspersa larva has lateral line gills on abdominal segments II��IV (Fig. 42). The larva of E. maculosa, unlike that of E. bilera, lacks anterior dorsal and ventral gills on abdominal segment VII (Fig. 42). The larva of E. simulata, unlike other Nearctic Ecclisomyia species, has anterior gills on the dorsum of abdominal segment II (Fig. 42). Larval description: Length (mature instar) 8��10 mm (N = 14). Probable fourth instar length 5��6 mm (N = 3). Head: Concolorous, reddish brown to dark brown, rounded posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 9). Parietals and genae reddish brown; muscle scars distinct on parietals, posterior to eyes. Muscle scars either distinct or indistinct on posterior half of frontoclypeus. Mandibles black, each with 4 blunt apical teeth (Fig. 9). Mandibular teeth of early instars not as blunt as those of mature instars and prepupae; one to two short translucent setae arise from posterolateral corner of each mandible. Mesal margins of mandibles each with tuft of translucent feather-like setae (Fig. 19a). Ventral apotome triangular, 1.57��2.10 X longer than ventral ecdysial line. Primary setae in positions 7, and 9��17 (Fig. 9). Primary setae in position 7 black, either short or long; primary setae in position 9 long, black; primary setae in position 10 short, appressed, black to translucent; primary setae in position 11, short, difficult to discern; primary setae in position 12 black, either short or long; primary setae in position 13 black to translucent, short to long, semi-appressed, difficult to discern; primary setae in position 14 black and long; primary setae in position 15 black, short or long; primary setae in position 16 short, black to translucent, semi-appressed; primary setae in position 17 black and long. Venter of head with primary setae in positions 8 and 18 (Fig. 19b) short, translucent with setal sockets prominent, but may be absent or difficult to discern. Frontoclypeus wide anteriorly, narrow posteriorly, triangular; glabrous, except for primary setae in positions 1��6 (Fig. 9). Primary setae in position 1 long, reddish to translucent, sometimes absent; primary setae in positions 2 long, black, may be reddish to translucent; primary setae in position 3 short, may be long, black to translucent; primary setae in position 4 short or long, appressed, black to translucent; primary setae in positions 5 and 6 short or long, black generally, but sometimes translucent. Frontoclypeal primary setae often difficult to discern, often short, black basally, translucent apically. Labrum reddish brown to dark brown, glabrous except for primary setae in positions 1��6. Primary setae in position 1 short, blunt and translucent, sometimes absent; primary setae in position 2 translucent, absent or indiscernible; primary setae in position 3 short, black to translucent; primary setae in position 4 short, translucent, difficult to discern, best seen in lateral view; primary setae in positions 5 and 6 short, those in position 6 somewhat longer, black to translucent (Fig. 9). Light, short translucent setae present at anterolateral corners of labrum, forming sparse setal tuft. Cardo sclerites rectangular. Submental sclerite with 2 short black submesal setae, their setal sockets prominent. Thorax: Pro- and mesonota brown to reddish brown; metanotal sclerites brown. Lateral processes of mesonota triangular, fuscous to black. Anterior margins of pronota each with 10��17 long black setae set equidistant from each other along margin; short, translucent setae set between these setae along anterior margin. Each half of pronotum with 3��9 black setae posterior to mid-dorsal transverse groove. Posterior marginal area of pronotum black, heavily sclerotized. Mesonotum with black setae in 3 distinct groups roughly corresponding to sa 1, sa 2, and sa 3 positions; muscle scars distinct or indistinct. Metanota sa 1 sclerites elliptical, each with 8��11 black ls setae; metanota sa 2 sclerites without discrete form, variable, each with 7��10 black ls setae and 2��3 short slender (ss) black setae; metanotal sa 3 sclerites parenthesis-shaped, each with 10��15 black ls setae on anterior half of sclerite. Prosternal horn short, light in color, sclerotized. Prosternal sclerite lightly sclerotized, nearly membranous, sometimes absent. Legs brown, yellowish brown or reddish brown. Foretrochantins brown to dark brown, forming tent-like structures over procoxae. Procoxae with primary setae in positons 1 and 2. Ventral edge of each procoxa with 8��12 black ls setae. Ventral edge of each profemur with 2 long sl translucent setae and row of short translucent sl setae along ventral margin (Fig. 21a). Dorsal edge of each profemur with 4 ls setae. Protibiae and protarsi each with primary black seta in position 3 (Figs. 21a, 21b). Dorsodistal margin of each protibia with 2 long black to translucent setae. Protibiae each with 2 apical spurs. Mesocoxae each with 7 to 8 black ls setae along distal posterior margin and 8��11 black ls setae anteriorly. Meso- and metacoxae each with primary seta in position 2 (Figs. 21b, 21c). Metacoxae each with 5��6 black ls setae along distal posterior margin and 18��20 black ls setae on anterior surface, of which 4��5 on anterodistal margin. Trochanters of all legs with black primary seta in positions 2, 3, and 5 (Figs. 21b, 21c); primary seta 5 sometimes absent or difficult to discern. Ventral margins of pro- and mesotrochanters with distal trochanteral brush (Wiggins 1996) (Figs. 21a, 21b). Metatrochanters each with 7 ls setae arising from anterior margin. Pro- and mesofemora with distinct sl reddish to translucent setae along ventral margins; these sl setae sometimes occurring along ventral margins of metafemora, but indistinct if present. Mesofemora each with 2 long black ls setae on ventral margin (Fig. 21b); with black primary setae in positions 2, 3, and 4, but primary setae in positions 3 and 4 sometimes absent. Metafemora with primary setae in positions 2, 3, and 4, but primary setae in position 3 sometimes absent (Fig. 21c). Meta-epimeron extending ventrally beneath metathoracic legs, each bearing 12 black ls setae. Meso- and metathoracic epimera each with 4 to 5 black ls setae on lateral surface. Meso- and metathoracic episterna each with 5��9 black ls setae arising from anterior margins; 2��5 black setae present on lateral surface. Abdomen: Segment I lateral to dorsal hump with 14��19 black setae; setal sockets prominent; penultimate instars (5��6 mm), possibly with only 4 long, black seta lateral to dorsal hump. Dorsal hump without sclerites. Lateral humps without sclerites, each with 2 long black setae dorsally, sometimes with sclerotized bases, and 9��13 fine black ls setae, several with basal sclerotization; early instars sometimes with only 2 black ls setae; ventral base of each lateral hump with 3��12 black ls seta; small ellipsoid sternite sometimes present below each lateral hump, bearing 3��6 black ls setae. Venter of abdominal segment I with 9��30 black ls setae, most without basal sclerotization; pair of triangular sclerites or lightly sclerotized areas, each with 2��5 black setae, sometimes present lateral to midline, but some larvae without sclerotization except about bases of setae. Abdominal gills present; dorsal and ventral abdominal gills each with single filament; present dorsoposteriorly and ventroposteriorly on segment II; pres Published as part of Givens, Donald R., 2018, The Nearctic Ecclisomyia species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), pp. 201-259 in Zootaxa 4413 (2) on pages 204-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1227343 {"references":["Denning, D. G. (1951) Records and descriptions of Nearctic caddis flies, Part III. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 24 (4), 157 - 162.","Erman, N. A. & Erman, D. C. (1990) Biography of caddisfly (Trichoptera) assemblages in cold springs of the Sierra Nevada (California, USA). California Water Resources Center, University of California Contribution 200, University of California, Berkeley, California, 29 pp.","Givens, D. R. (2014) An annotated list of caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U. S. A. during 2011 - 2013. Entomological News, 124 (3), 153 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 021.124.0301","Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera), Second Edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, 457 pp.","Maciolek, J. A. & Tunzi, M. G. (1968) Microseston dynamics in a simple Sierra Nevada Lake-stream system. Ecology, 49 (1), 60 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1933561"]}
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5b1f2eab7df5e04ef87ca373598105d1 Zobrazit plný text záznamu