How Multiple Retrievals Affect Neural Reactivation in Young and Older Adults
| Autor: | Bradley R. Buchsbaum, Marie St-Laurent |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Aging Social Psychology Brain activity and meditation Memory Episodic media_common.quotation_subject Affect (psychology) The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences Brain mapping 050105 experimental psychology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Perception medicine Humans Semantic memory 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Gray Matter Episodic memory Aged media_common Brain Mapping Recall medicine.diagnostic_test 05 social sciences Age Factors Middle Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Semantics Clinical Psychology Mental Recall Auditory Perception Visual Perception Female Cues Geriatrics and Gerontology Functional magnetic resonance imaging Psychology Gerontology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci |
| ISSN: | 1758-5368 1079-5014 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/geronb/gbz075 |
| Popis: | Objectives Aging can reduce the specificity with which memory episodes are represented as distributed patterns of brain activity. It remains unclear, however, whether repeated encoding and retrieval of stimuli modulate this decline. Memory repetition is thought to promote semanticization, a transformative process during which episodic memory becomes gradually decontextualized and abstracted. Because semantic memory is considered more resilient to aging than context-rich episodic memory, we hypothesized that repeated retrieval would affect cortical reinstatement differently in young versus older adults. Methods We reanalyzed data from young and older adults undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging while repeatedly viewing and recalling short videos. We derived trial-unique multivariate measures of similarity between video-specific brain activity patterns elicited at perception and at recall, which we compared between age groups at each repetition. Results With repetition, memory representation became gradually more distinct from perception in young adults, as reinstatement specificity converged downward toward levels observed in the older group. In older adults, alternative representations that were item-specific but orthogonal to patterns elicited at perception became more salient with repetition. Discussion Repetition transformed dominant patterns of memory representation away and orthogonally from perception in young and older adults, respectively. Although distinct, both changes are consistent with repetition-induced semanticization. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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