Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Bitter Acids: Modulation of Rumen Fermentation and Potential As an Alternative Growth Promoter
| Autor: | Isabelle A. Kagan, Yuxi Wang, Michael D. Flythe, Nelmy Narvaez |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Humulus lupulus 030106 microbiology alternatives to antibiotics Review Biology antimicrobial growth promoter Hop (networking) 03 medical and health sciences Rumen chemistry.chemical_compound feed efficiency Antiinfective agent lcsh:Veterinary medicine General Veterinary Monensin food and beverages biology.organism_classification Antimicrobial phytochemicals plant secondary metabolites rumen microbiology chemistry Biochemistry lcsh:SF600-1100 Fermentation Veterinary Science Bacteria |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 4 (2017) Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| ISSN: | 2297-1769 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fvets.2017.00131 |
| Popis: | Antibiotics can improve ruminant growth and efficiency by altering rumen fermentation via selective inhibition of microorganisms. However, antibiotic use is increasingly restricted due to concerns about the spread of antibiotic-resistance. Plant-based antimicrobials are alternatives to antibiotics in animal production. The hops plant (Humulus lupulus L.) produces a range of bioactive secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial prenylated phloroglucinols, which are commonly called alpha- and beta-acids. These latter compounds can be considered phyto-ionophores, phytochemicals with a similar antimicrobial mechanism of action to ionophore antibiotics (e.g., monensin, lasalocid). Like ionophores, the hop beta-acids inhibit rumen bacteria possessing a classical Gram-positive cell envelope. This selective inhibition causes several effects on rumen fermentation that are beneficial to finishing cattle, such as decreased proteolysis, ammonia production, acetate: propionate ratio, and methane production. This article reviews the effects of hops and hop secondary metabolites on rumen fermentation, including the physiological mechanisms on specific rumen microorganisms, and consequences for the ruminant host and ruminant production. Further, we propose that hop beta-acids are useful model natural products for ruminants because of (1) the ionophore-like mechanism of action and spectrum of activity and (2) the literature available on the plant due to its use in brewing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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