Spatial variation in inversion-focused vs 24-h integrated samples of PM2.5 and black carbon across Pittsburgh, PA
Autor: | Courtney Roper, Leah Cambal, Ellen Kinnee, Jessie L.C. Shmool, Sheila Tripathy, Lauren Chubb, Jane E. Clougherty, Drew R. Michanowicz, Sara Gillooly, Brett Tunno |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Pollution
Geographic information system Meteorology Epidemiology media_common.quotation_subject Air pollution Terrain 010501 environmental sciences 030501 epidemiology Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Time 03 medical and health sciences Soot Air Pollution Environmental monitoring medicine black carbon (BC) Humans Cities Particle Size inversion-focused sampling Weather 24-h integrated sampling 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common land use regression (LUR) Air Pollutants Spatial Analysis business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Sampling (statistics) Inversion (meteorology) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) Models Theoretical Pennsylvania Geographic Information Systems Environmental science Original Article Particulate Matter Spatial variability Physical geography 0305 other medical science business Environmental Monitoring |
Zdroj: | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology |
ISSN: | 1559-064X 1559-0631 |
Popis: | A growing literature explores intra-urban variation in pollution concentrations. Few studies, however, have examined spatial variation during "peak" hours of the day (e.g., rush hours, inversion conditions), which may have strong bearing for source identification and epidemiological analyses. We aimed to capture "peak" spatial variation across a region of complex terrain, legacy industry, and frequent atmospheric inversions. We hypothesized stronger spatial contrast in concentrations during hours prone to atmospheric inversions and heavy traffic, and designed a 2-year monitoring campaign to capture spatial variation in fine particles (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC). Inversion-focused integrated monitoring (0600-1100 hours) was performed during year 1 (2011-2012) and compared with 1-week 24-h integrated results from year 2 (2012-2013). To allocate sampling sites, we explored spatial distributions in key sources (i.e., traffic, industry) and potential modifiers (i.e., elevation) in geographic information systems (GIS), and allocated 37 sites for spatial and source variability across the metropolitan domain (~388 km(2)). Land use regression (LUR) models were developed and compared by pollutant, season, and sampling method. As expected, we found stronger spatial contrasts in PM2.5 and BC using inversion-focused sampling, suggesting greater differences in peak exposures across urban areas than is captured by most integrated saturation campaigns. Temporal variability, commercial and industrial land use, PM2.5 emissions, and elevation were significant predictors, but did not more strongly predict concentrations during peak hours. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |