Efficient Intracellular Delivery of Molecules with High Cell Viability Using Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser-Activated Carbon Nanoparticles
| Autor: | Sean C. Kelly, Nishant Dwivedi, Aritra Sengupta, Mark R. Prausnitz, Naresh N. Thadhani |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
Materials science Cell Survival Intracellular Space Analytical chemistry General Physics and Astronomy Nanoparticle Article law.invention Flow cytometry intracellular drug delivery chemistry.chemical_compound Drug Delivery Systems Soot law Cell Line Tumor medicine Animals Humans General Materials Science Propidium iodide Viability assay medicine.diagnostic_test Lasers General Engineering Biological Transport Carbon black Fluoresceins Laser Rats Calcein near-infrared laser carbon black nanoparticles chemistry Biophysics Nanoparticles Intracellular |
| Zdroj: | ACS Nano |
| ISSN: | 1936-086X 1936-0851 |
| Popis: | Conventional physical and chemical methods that efficiently deliver molecules into cells are often associated with low cell viability. In this study, we evaluated the cellular effects of carbon nanoparticles believed to emit photoacoustic waves due to nanosecond-pulse laser activation to test the hypothesis that this method could achieve efficient intracellular delivery while maintaining high cell viability. Suspensions of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells, carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, and calcein were exposed to 5-9 ns long laser pulses of near-infrared (1064 nm wavelength) light and then analyzed by flow cytometry for intracellular uptake of calcein and cell viability by propidium iodide staining. We found that intracellular uptake increased and in some cases saturated at high levels with only small losses in cell viability as a result of increasing laser fluence, laser exposure time, and as a unifying parameter, the total laser energy. Changing interpulse spacing between 0.1 and 10 s intervals showed no significant change in bioeffects, suggesting that the effects of each pulse were independent when spaced by at least 0.1 s intervals. Pretreatment of CB nanoparticles to intense laser exposure followed by mixing with cells also had no significant effect on uptake or viability. Similar uptake and viability were seen when CB nanoparticles were substituted with India ink, when DU145 cells were substituted with H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells, and when calcein was substituted with FITC-dextran. The best laser exposure conditions tested led to 88% of cells with intracellular uptake and close to 100% viability, indicating that nanosecond-pulse laser-activated carbon nanoparticles can achieve efficient intracellular delivery while maintaining high cell viability. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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