Elemental migration and transformation during hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
| Autor: | Zhidan Liu, Jamison Watson, Jianwen Lu, Yulong Wu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Temperature chemistry.chemical_element Biomass Water Pollution Manure Sulfur Refuse Disposal chemistry.chemical_compound Food waste Hydrothermal liquefaction chemistry Food Environmental chemistry Biofuels Microalgae Environmental Chemistry Lignin Hemicellulose Cellulose Waste Management and Disposal |
| Zdroj: | Journal of hazardous materials. 423 |
| ISSN: | 1873-3336 |
| Popis: | Over the past few decades, energy and environmental crises have worsened due to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for sustainable biocrude production from biomass. However, elemental migration and transformation during HTL of biomass have only received scant attention to date. Understanding the transformation mechanism is beneficial for downstream biocrude upgrading and by-products utilization for the future industrialization of HTL. In this paper, biomass is grouped into six categories: microalgae, macroalgae, lignocellulose, food waste, manure, and sludge. The biochemical composition and HTL product distribution of six kinds of biomass are compared. The conversion process of the biomacromolecules (including lipids, proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and the interactions between them are also reported. Furthermore, the distribution of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, etc.) in the HTL products is summarized, and the transformation of the organic and inorganic elements during HTL of biomass is explored. Finally, outlooks for the HTL of biomass are proposed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect