The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador

Autor: Mattieu Poret, Andrea Scifo, Gerardo Aguirre-Díaz, Gill Plunkett, Pierre-Yves Tournigand, Iván Sunyé-Puchol, Pablo Dávila Harris, Dario Pedrazzi, Michael Sigl, Nathan Chellman, Michael W. Dee, Antonio Costa, Victoria C. Smith, Joseph R. McConnell, Jonathan R. Pilcher, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Dan Miles
Přispěvatelé: Isotope Research, Geography, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (México), European Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Pedrazzi, Dario [0000-0002-6869-1325], Pedrazzi, Dario
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(42), 26061-26068. NATL ACAD SCIENCES
Smith, V C, Costa, A, Aguirre-Díaz, G, Pedrazzi, D, Scifo, A, Plunkett, G, Poret, M, Tournigand, P Y, Miles, D, Dee, M W, McConnell, J R, Sunyé-Puchol, I, Harris, P D, Sigl, M, Pilcher, J R, Chellman, N & Gutiérrez, E 2020, ' The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 117, no. 42, pp. 26061-26068 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117, pp.26061-26068. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2003008117⟩
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 1091-6490
0027-8424
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003008117
Popis: The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3 of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America.
Fieldwork in El Salvador was funded by a grant awarded to G.A.-D. (CONACYT-CB Grant 240447), and we acknowledge logistical support from the following institutions in El Salvador: Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN), Museo Nacional de Arqueología (MUNA), Universidad de El Salvador, and Policía Nacional Civil. V.C.S. and I.S.-P. acknowledge funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; Grant NE/5009035/1). A.C. acknowledges the Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Università e della Ricerca project Ash-RESILIENCE. A.S. and M.W.D. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) (ECHOES, Grant 714679). M.S. acknowledges funding from the ERC European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant 820047). D.P. acknowledges support from Juan de la Cierva Grant IJCI-2016- 30482. The collection and analysis of the TUNU2013 core was supported by an NSF Division of Polar Programs Grant 1204176 awarded to J.R.M. We thank Walter Hernandez (MARN) and Hugo Díaz Chávez (MUNA) for assistance in the field, Stephen Harris (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford) for identifying the species of the tree that we radiocarbon dated, and Ian Cartwright (School of Archaeology, University of Oxford) for photographing the cross-section of the tree
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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