Recent developments in β-cell differentiation of pluripotent stem cells induced by small and large molecules
| Autor: | Murugan A. Munusamy, I-Chia Peng, A J A Ranjith Singh, Abdullah A. Alarfaj, Akon Higuchi, Rukman Awang Hamat, Sivan Padma Priya, Sanjeev Kumar |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
KOSR
Pluripotent Stem Cells Time Factors Cellular differentiation Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Embryoid body Review Biology beta (β) cells Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry lcsh:Chemistry stem cells Neurosphere Insulin-Secreting Cells Animals Humans pancreas Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Induced pluripotent stem cell Molecular Biology lcsh:QH301-705.5 Spectroscopy Induced stem cells Clinical Trials as Topic diabetes Organic Chemistry Cell Differentiation General Medicine differentiation Embryonic stem cell Computer Science Applications Cell biology lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Gene Expression Regulation embryonic structures Stem cell Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 15, Iss 12, Pp 23418-23447 (2014) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hold promise as novel therapeutic tools for diabetes treatment because of their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into beta (β)-cells. Small and large molecules play important roles in each stage of β-cell differentiation from both hESCs and hiPSCs. The small and large molecules that are described in this review have significantly advanced efforts to cure diabetic disease. Lately, effective protocols have been implemented to induce hESCs and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into functional β-cells. Several small molecules, proteins, and growth factors promote pancreatic differentiation from hESCs and hMSCs. These small molecules (e.g., cyclopamine, wortmannin, retinoic acid, and sodium butyrate) and large molecules (e.g. activin A, betacellulin, bone morphogentic protein (BMP4), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), noggin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), and WNT3A) are thought to contribute from the initial stages of definitive endoderm formation to the final stages of maturation of functional endocrine cells. We discuss the importance of such small and large molecules in uniquely optimized protocols of β-cell differentiation from stem cells. A global understanding of various small and large molecules and their functions will help to establish an efficient protocol for β-cell differentiation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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