Electrical 2Ï € phase control of infrared light in a 350-nm footprint using graphene plasmons
| Autor: | Cheng Tan, Frank H. L. Koppens, Yuanda Gao, Kenji Watanabe, Iacopo Torre, Achim Woessner, Takashi Taniguchi, Marco Polini, Mark B. Lundeberg, Rainer Hillenbrand, James Hone |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Infrared Phase (waves) Physics::Optics 02 engineering and technology 7. Clean energy 01 natural sciences law.invention Footprint (electronics) Optics law 0103 physical sciences Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters 010306 general physics Plasmon Condensed Matter - Materials Science Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Graphene business.industry Physics - Applied Physics 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials Phase velocity 0210 nano-technology business Phase control |
| Zdroj: | Nature Photonics |
| Popis: | Modulating the amplitude and phase of light is at the heart of many applications such as wavefront shaping, transformation optics, phased arrays, modulators and sensors. Performing this task with high efficiency and small footprint is a formidable challenge. Metasurfaces and plasmonics are promising , but metals exhibit weak electro-optic effects. Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, have shown great performance as modulators with small drive voltages. Here we show a graphene plasmonic phase modulator which is capable of tuning the phase between 0 and 2{\pi} in situ. With a footprint of 350nm it is more than 30 times smaller than the 10.6$\mu$m free space wavelength. The modulation is achieved by spatially controlling the plasmon phase velocity in a device where the spatial carrier density profile is tunable. We provide a scattering theory for plasmons propagating through spatial density profiles. This work constitutes a first step towards two-dimensional transformation optics for ultra-compact modulators and biosensing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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