Mechanisms of Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for the Production of Graphene
| Autor: | Claudia Backes, Robert J. Young, Zheling Li, Wen Zhao, Xun Zhang, Aidan P Conlan, Feng Ding, Sarah J. Haigh, Jonathan N. Coleman, Evan Tillotson, Alexander Zhukov, Kostya S. Novoselov |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Yield (engineering)
Materials science Graphene Sonication Intercalation (chemistry) General Engineering General Physics and Astronomy 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Exfoliation joint 0104 chemical sciences law.invention National Graphene Institute Zigzag law Phase (matter) ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/national_graphene_institute General Materials Science Graphite Composite material 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | ACS Nano Li, Z, Young, R J, Backes, C, Zhao, W, Zhang, X, Zhukov, A, Tillotson, E, Conlan, A P, Ding, F, Haigh, S J, Novoselov, K S & Coleman, J N 2020, ' Mechanisms of Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for the Production of Graphene ', ACS Nano . https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03916 |
| ISSN: | 1936-086X 1936-0851 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acsnano.0c03916 |
| Popis: | Liquid- phase exfoliation (LPE) is the principal method of producing two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene in large quantities with a good balance between quality and cost and is now widely adopted by both the academic and industrial sectors. The fragmentation and exfoliation mechanisms involved have usually been simply attributed to the force induced by ultrasound and the interaction with the solvent molecules. Nonetheless, little is known about how they actually occur, i.e., how thick and large graphite crystals can be exfoliated into thin and small graphene flakes. Here, we demonstrate that during ultrasonic LPE the transition from graphite flakes to graphene takes place in three distinct stages. First, sonication leads to the rupture of large flakes and the formation of kink band striations on the flake surfaces, primarily along zigzag directions. Second, cracks form along these striations, and together with intercalation of solvent, lead to the unzipping and peeling off of thin graphite strips that in the final stage are exfoliated into graphene. The findings will be of great value in the quest to optimize the lateral dimensions, thickness, and yield of graphene and other 2D materials in large-scale LPE for various applications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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