Longitudinal Characterization of Phagocytic and Neutralization Functions of Anti-Spike Antibodies in Plasma of Patients after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Autor: Anurag Adhikari, Arunasingam Abayasingam, Chaturaka Rodrigo, David Agapiou, Elvis Pandzic, Nicholas A. Brasher, Bentotage Samitha Madushan Fernando, Elizabeth Keoshkerian, Hui Li, Ha Na Kim, Megan Lord, Gordona Popovic, William Rawlinson, Michael Mina, Jeffrey J. Post, Bernard Hudson, Nicky Gilroy, Dominic Dwyer, Sarah C. Sasson, Branka Grubor-Bauk, Andrew R. Lloyd, Marianne Martinello, Rowena A. Bull, Nicodemus Tedla
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: The Journal of Immunology. 209:1499-1512
ISSN: 1550-6606
0022-1767
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200272
Popis: Phagocytic responses by effector cells to opsonized viruses have been recognized to play a key role in antiviral immunity. Limited data on coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the role of Ab-dependent and -independent phagocytosis may contribute to the observed immunological and inflammatory responses; however, their development, duration, and role remain to be fully elucidated. In this study of 62 acute and convalescent patients, we found that patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 can mount a phagocytic response to autologous plasma-opsonized Spike protein–coated microbeads as early as 10 d after symptom onset, while heat inactivation of this plasma caused 77–95% abrogation of the phagocytic response and preblocking of Fc receptors showed variable 18–60% inhibition. In convalescent patients, phagocytic response significantly correlated with anti-Spike IgG titers and older patients, while patients with severe disease had significantly higher phagocytosis and neutralization functions compared with patients with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. A longitudinal subset of the convalescent patients over 12 mo showed an increase in plasma Ab affinity toward Spike Ag and preservation of phagocytic and neutralization functions, despite a decline in the anti-Spike IgG titers by >90%. Our data suggest that early phagocytosis is primarily driven by heat-liable components of the plasma, such as activated complements, while anti-Spike IgG titers account for the majority of observed phagocytosis at convalescence. Longitudinally, a significant increase in the affinity of the anti-Spike Abs was observed that correlated with the maintenance of both the phagocytic and neutralization functions, suggesting an improvement in the quality of the Abs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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